GLEC - Tables of Counting systems

Language type	Language	Province	Cycles	Operative pattern	Frame pattern	Important Features
Australian	Mabuiag	Western		body part tally	1 to 10	Australian language. Small counting system data suggests a digit tally but also seems to be a body part tally system to cycle 18 ro 19
Australian	Mabuiag	Western	2	digit tally	1, 2	Australian language. Small counting system data suggests a digit tally but also seems to be a body part tally system to cycle 18 ro 19
Austronesian	Penchal	Manus		7=10-3	1 to 6, 10	The numerals given are of Manus type with distinct numerals 1 to 6, and 10.
Austronesian	Lenkau	Manus		7=10-3	1 to 6, 10	The numerals are typically Manus in nature with distinct numerals 1 to 6, and 10, with 7, 8, and 9 having the usual subtractive form.
Austronesian	Yamalele	Milne Bay				Lack of information to determine system
Austronesian	Lihir	New Ireland				unusual in being 5, 20 cycle; count in groups of 4s as one group of 4 yams, half and ordinals
Austronesian	Papapana	North Solomons	?		1 to 5?, 10
Austronesian	Piva	North Solomons	?		1 to 5?, 10
Austronesian	Psohoh	West New Britain	?	?	?	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4
Austronesian	Wuvulu-Aua	Manus	10 ?		1 to 10?	First few numerals shows an unusual and interesting structure with 6 = 3 twos, 7 = 3x2+1, 8=4x2, 9=4x2+1
Austronesian	Likum	Manus	10		1 to 6?10	The decades in Likum are formed with the numeral root and the suffix (or class marker) '-noh'. The word for 'hand', 'nime-', is not identical to the numeral 5, 'lime(h)'.
Austronesian	Kaniet	Manus	10	7=10-3,etc	1 to 6, 10	Diversity in data may suggest numerals come from different dialects. The numerals for 2, 5, and 10 are not typically AN. Subtractive process operates for the numerals 7, 8, and 9, and that there are distinct words for the numerals 1 to 6, and 10.
Austronesian	Madak	New Ireland	10	20=2x10, 100=10x10	1 to 10	10 cycle, decades, half, prefix for ordinals like a third
Austronesian	Notsi	New Ireland	10	20=2x10, 100=10x10, 17=10+5+2	1 to 10,	5 and 10 cycle with decades, 17 = 10+5+2, 100=10x10
Austronesian	Lavatbura-Lamusong	New Ireland	10	20=2x10, 50=5x10	1 to 10	10 cycle with decades, half, first
Austronesian	Bulu	West New Britain	10	20 to 90: 10 x n	1 to 10	10 cycle system with regular decades implying 10xn construction
Austronesian	Doura	Central	10, 100	6 to 9 =2x3, 2x4,2x4+1	1 to 5, 7, 10, 100	Motu numerals in place 140 years ago 10, 100 cycles, with numeral for 7 but otherwise 6, 8, 9 =2x3, 2x4, 2x4+1
Austronesian	Gabadi	Central	10, 100	6 to 9 =2x3, 2x4,2x4+1, decades nx10	1 to 5, 7, 10, 100	Motu type with numeral for 7. 6 to 9 =2x3, 2x4,2x4+1, decades nx10 counting pigs in 20s, coconuts in 10s, spears in bundles of 10
Austronesian	Nara	Central	10, 100	6 to 9 =2x3,2x3+1, 2x4,2x4+1;	1 to 5, 10, 100	10, 100 cycles of Motu type, 6 to 9 =2x3,2x3+1, 2x4,2x4+1; Ordinals
Austronesian	Roro	Central	10, 100	6 to 9 =2x3,2x3+1, 2x4,2x4+1; 70=50+20	1 to 5, 10, (40), 100	10, 100 cycles but Motu type, i.e. 6 to 9 =2x3,2x3+1, 2x4,2x4+1; 70=50+20 Also special word for 40 as well as 50 but it is not used again Suffix for ordinals
Austronesian	Mokerang	Manus	10, 100	7=10-3,	1 to 6, 10, 100	'Manus' type and each numeral (with the exception of 1) is prefixed with 'ma-'. It is a 10-cycle or decimal system with the decades having the construction 'numeral + -ngol', e.g. 40 is 'ma-ha-ngol' where 'ma-ha' is 4. There are distinct words for 100 and 1000
Austronesian	Mondropolon	Manus	10, 100	7=10-3	1 to 6, 10, 100	The Mondropolon system is of the 'Manus' type.The numerals for 10 and 100 are atypical in that they are not constructed with the 'sa-' prefix common to many of the Manus languages.The numeral 20 is also atypical in that it appears to have a '10 x 2' construction whereas the higher decades have the construction 'numeral root +-nuh'.
Austronesian	Sori-Harengan	Manus	10, 100	7=10-3,etc	1 to 6, 10, 100	Typical Manus type with 7 to 9 = 10 - 3, 10-2, 10-1
Austronesian	Pak - Tong	Manus	10, 100 ?	7 =10-3,11=10+1	1 to 6,10	Common AN structure with distinct words for the numerals 1 to 6. 7 to 9 contains the words for 3 down to 1 implying the use of a subtractive process in forming these three numbers. There is a distinct word for 10.
Austronesian	Baluan - Lou - Pam (Baluan)	Manus	10, 100	7=10-3,20=2 x10,	1 to 6, 10, 100	10 and 100 cycles with 7 to 9 having a typical subtractive pattern of 3 up to 10, 2 up to 10 etc. 20 = 2 x 10 and 40 mighty be a distinct numeral
Austronesian	Baluan - Lou - Pam (Baluan)	Manus	10, 100	7=10-3,20=2x10	1 to 6, 10, (40),100	10 and 100 cycles with 7 to 9 having a typical subtractive pattern of 3 up to 10, 2 up to 10 etc. 20 = 2 x 10 and 40 mighty be a distinct numeral
Austronesian	Ere-Lele-Gele'-Kuruti	Manus	10, 100	7=10-3,20=2x10	1 to 6, 10,100	The counting systems of Ere, Gele', and Kuruti are all of the Manus type and probably other dialects too. A particle in construction of the thousands, Several Kuruti informants indicate a construction for tens of thousands . "the numerals exhibit classification, with up to 36 classes in Buyang (Gele').
Austronesian	Nimowa	Milne Bay	10, 100		1 to 10, 100	Decades have suffix to numerals for 1 to 9 which are typical AN numerals, including' -lima' or '-nima' from 'hand'
Austronesian	Nimowa	Milne Bay	10, 100 ?	1 to 9 are typical set of an numerals, decade suffix	1 to 10, 100	Decades have suffix to numerals for 1 to 9 which are typical AN numerals, including' -lima' or '-nima' from 'hand'
Austronesian	Sud-Est	Milne Bay	10, 100 ?	classifiers, typical austronesian numerals	1 to 10, 100	A large number of classifiers at least 22 indicated by a suffix
Austronesian	Sud-Est	Milne Bay	10, 100 ?	classifiers, typical austronesian numerals	1 to 10, 100	A large number of classifiers at least 22 indicated by a suffix
Austronesian	Erima-Mussau	New Ireland	10, 100	20=210, 50=510	1 to 10, 100	10, 100 with decades. Word for half is imprecise as part so used for third and quarter with number words
Austronesian	Erima-Mussau	New Ireland	10, 100	20=2x`0, 50=5x10	1 to 10, 100	10, 100 with decades. Word for half is imprecise as part so used for third and quarter with number words
Austronesian	Kandas	New Ireland	10, 100	20=2x1=, 5=5x10	1 to 10, 100	10 basic counting words
Austronesian	Sursurunga	New Ireland	10, 100	20=2x10, 50=5x10	1 to 10, 100	regular decades, reasonable similarity for data collected nearly 400 years ago, a half, and ordinals
Austronesian	Tangga	New Ireland	10, 100	20=2x10, 50=5x10	1 to 10, 100	regular decades, similarities to other lists and to data collected 400 years ago
Austronesian	Konomala	New Ireland	10, 100	20=2x10, 50=5x10	1 to 10, 100	regular decades
Austronesian	Siar	New Ireland	10, 100	20=2x10, 50=5x10	1 to 10, 100	regular decades, data from 150 years ago and recent data are similar
Austronesian	Label	New Ireland	10, 100	20=2x10, 50=5x10, teens include 10	1 to 10, 100	regular decades , teens include a word for 10 not given for 10
Austronesian	Nehan	North Solomons	10, 100	20=2x10, 100=10x10	1 to 10	Base 10 systems with decades and 10 tens for a hundred.
Austronesian	Nukumanu	North Solomons	10, 100 ?	30=10 x 3; 11 to 20 = 10 + n,	1 to 10, 100	Base 10 system, with consistent addition of 1 to 9 for 11 to 19 and also decades as 30 = 10 x 3, count in pairs
Austronesian	Takuu	North Solomons	10, 100	30 = 3 x 10	1 to 10, 100	Base 10 system with classifiers
Austronesian	Petats	North Solomons	10, 100	30= 3 x 10	1 to 10, 100	Pure base 10 system
Austronesian	Solos	North Solomons	10, 100	30=3x0	1 to 10, 100, 1000	Base 10 system with special words for 100 and 1000 with teens and decades clear in newer data
Austronesian	Nakanai	West New Britain	10, 100	20 to 90 = 10 x n	1 to 10, 100	10, 100 cycles with regular decades 10 x n where n= 1 to 9
Austronesian	Sinagoro	Central	10, 100, 1000	6 to 9 is 2x3, 2x3+1, 2x4, 2x4+1	1 to 5, 10, 100, 1000	6 to 9 are both Motu type using 6 to 9 is 2x3, 2x3+1, 2x4, 2x4+1 and 6 to 9 is 5 + n where n is 1 to 4. Data given on ordinals using possible prefixes and suffixes. Teens and decades are regular and built on 10
Austronesian	Duke Of York	East New Britain	10, 100, 1000	20 to 90: n x 10	1 to 10, 100, 1000	1 to 10, 100 and 1000 are distinct words. Decades, hundreds and thousands are produced by, for example, 3 tens. Large numbers are the same as Tolai. Counting systems still in use seem to be 3 although 8 dialects.
Austronesian	Duke Of York	East New Britain	10, 100, 1000	20 to 90: n x 10	1 to 10, 100, 1000	1 to 10, 100 and 1000 are distinct words. Decades, hundreds and thousands are produced by, for example, 3 tens. Large numbers are the same as Tolai. Counting systems still in use seem to be 3 although 8 dialects.
Austronesian	Levei-Tulu	Manus	10, 100, 1000	6=10-4,etc	1 t0 5,10,100,1000	The Lebej numeral for 6 is unique among the Manus systems with subtractive process, instead of having a distinct word for 6. The corresponding numeral in Chechek is normal, i.e 'o:nah'. For both dialects the numeral 1, is like Manus rather than West Manus. Hand and thumb in both dialects is not related to the respective numerals 5:
Austronesian	Papitalai	Manus	10, 100, 1000	7=10-3,	1 to 6, 10, 100, 1000	'Manus' pattern, the prefix 'mo(a)-' for the numerals 2 to 10 and, by extension, the decades and hundreds. The decades and hundred are formed by suffixing a numeral root. The cyclic structure is thus decimal and has the pattern (10,100).
Austronesian	Sisi - Bipi	Manus	10, 100, 1000	7=10-3,etc	1 to 6, 10, 100	System is like those at the other end of the island. Numeral classification appears to operate when counting certain types of objects, e.g houses, holes, strings, spears, etc; no further information is provided however. Words for fractions. The word for 'hand' is 'limeu' which appears to be closely related to the word for 5, i.e 'limeh'.
Austronesian	Leipon	Manus	10, 100, 1000?	7=10-3,etc	1 to 6, 10, 100, 1000	A regular Manus type. The number words are mainly prefixed with 'ma-'. The formation of the decades shows a consistent pattern, the particle '-ngol' indicating 'ten', The formation of the hundreds and thousands shows a similar regular construction. Ordinals have sense of 'foremost' and 'behind, following'.
Austronesian	Loniu	Manus	10, 100, 1000	7=10-3,etc	1 to 6, 10, 100, 1000	A regular Manus type. A consistent pattern for the construction of the decades, hundreds and thousands.
Austronesian	Nali	Manus	10, 100, 1000?	7=10-3,etc	1 to 6, 10, 100, 1000	The usual structure of the Manus type of counting system. Most numerals have the prefix 'ma-'. The particle '-ngui' is used in the construction of the decades as The particle '-ngat' is used in the construction of the hundreds, e.g 100 is '(ma)sa-ngat', up to 1000 which is 'supou'.
Austronesian	Ere-Lele-Gele'-Kuruti	Manus	10, 100, 1000	7=10-3,etc	1 to 6, 10, 100, 1000	The counting systems of Ere, Gele', and Kuruti are all of the Manus type and probably other dialects too. A particle in construction of the thousands, Several Kuruti informants indicate a construction for tens of thousands . "the numerals exhibit classification, with up to 36 classes in Buyang (Gele').
Austronesian	Andra -Hus	Manus	10, 100, 1000	7=10-3,etc	1 to 6, 10, 100, 1000	Particles are used for 10s, 100s and 1000s. Numbers for 1000 and 10 000 can be generated. The numerals 7 to 9 exhibit the usual subtractive process but show an unusual prefix 'The word for 5, 'limah'. Classifiers have the construction 'numeral root + class marker'.
Austronesian	Ponam	Manus	10, 100, 1000	7=10-3,etc	1 to 6, 10, 100, 1000	Regular Manus type of system but has numerals 7, 8, 9 Ordinals were reported by the IMP informant. The first three ordinals do not appear to derive from the corresponding ordinals but have the meaning .'front', 'middle', 'behind'. Generally the numerical classifiers have the structure 'numerical root + class marker'
Austronesian	Bohuai	Manus	10, 100, 1000	7=10-3,etc	1 to 6, 10, 100, 1000	the 'Manus' type with a Frame Pattern (1 to 6,10,100,1000). The decades are formed by suffixing the numeral root and is most likely an example of numeral classification Similarly the suffix '-nak' is most likely the class marker for the class of 'hundreds' which are thus counted with a numeral root suffixed with this, e.g. 100 is 'ra-nak', 200 is 'lu-nak' and so on.
Austronesian	Levei-Tulu	Manus	10, 100, 1000	7=10-3,etc	1 to 6, 10, 100, 1000	The Lebej numeral for 6 is unique among the Manus systems with subtractive process, instead of having a distinct word for 6. The corresponding numeral in Chechek is normal, i.e 'o:nah'. For both dialects the numeral 1, is like Manus rather than West Manus. Hand and thumb in both dialects is not related to the respective numerals 5:
Austronesian	Lindrou	Manus	10, 100, 1000	7=10-3,etc	1 to 6, 10, 100, 1000	Manus type system showing the usual subtractive structure for the numerals 7, 8, and 9. The word for 10, 'ronoh', does not take the usual AN form 'sangahul', 'sangoul', also in Levei-Tulu. Decades uses the particle '-noh' , hundreds '-nek', e.g 100 is 'ri-nek', thousands '-wa(h)' . Regular for computer generation.
Austronesian	Titan	Manus	10, 100, 1000	7=10-3,11=10+1,20=2x10	1 to 6, 10, 100, 1000	System A is a 10-cycle or decimal system of the Manus type with the numerals 7, 8, and 9 , regular decades, hundreds and thousands
Austronesian	Torau	North Solomons	10, 100, 1000	20=2x10	1 to 10, 100, 1000	Base 10 system with a consistent pattern of decades as multiples of 10 and 100s as multiples. Some sources give a connective for 11 to 19 when using basic numerals with 10. There are words for half and ordinals.
Austronesian	Nuguria	North Solomons	10, 100, 1000	30=10x3	1 to 10, 100?	Decades, and 1000 is 10 hundreds
Austronesian	Halia	North Solomons	10, 100, 1000	30 = 3 x 10	1 to 10, 100, 1000	Base 10 system with words for a half or part, and ordinals.
Austronesian	Uruava	North Solomons	10, 100, 1000	30=3x10	1 to 10, 100, 1000	The base 10 system has connectives of 10 and 1, 10 and 2 for the numbers 11 and so on. The decades follow a consistent pattern. There are specific words for 100 and 1000. There are words for ordinals related to the cardinal numbers.
Austronesian	Saposa	North Solomons	10, 100, 1000	30=3x10, 11 to 19 = 10 and n	1 to 10, 100, 1000	Base 10 system with special words for 100 and 1000 and teens and decades following a clear pattern from recent data but unavailable from older data
Austronesian	Banoni	North Solomons	10, 100, 1000	7 to 8 = x + n, 20 = 10x2 etc	1 to 5 (9), 10, 100, 1000	base 10 with some combinations of 1 to 5 to get 7 to 9, decades, distinct words for 100, 1000. There are also numbers associated with classes such as round things.
Austronesian	Motu	Central	10, 100, 1000 etc	6 to 9 =2x3,2x3+1, 2x4, 2x4+1	1 to 5, 10, 100, 1000, 10000	Language used as a lingua franca in Papua. While retaining a 5 cycle system it has the form of 6=2x3, 7=3x3+1, 8=2x4, 9=2x4+1. It has distinct numerals for 10, 100, 1000, 10 000, 100 000. Prefix used for counting different classes, e.g. men, women, long things, coconuts, animals. Ordinals obtained by prefixing cardinal numbers for second etc
Austronesian	Siar	New Ireland	10, 100 (presumed)	20=2x10, 50=5x10 (presumed)	1 to 10, 100 (presumed)	regular decades, data from 150 years ago and recent data are similar
Austronesian	Misima	Milne Bay	10 or 5, 10	decades of elulu + n (1 to 5)	1 to 10 or 1-5, 10	Decades clearly given
Austronesian	Misima	Milne Bay	10 or 5, 10	decades of elulu + n (1 to 5)	1 to 10 or 1-5, 10	Decades clearly given
Austronesian	Middle Watut	Morobe	2	numeral set	1, 2	1, 2 numeral set with 5=2+2+1, 6=2+2+2, but other record of hand and foot morphemes being used
Austronesian	Roinji	Morobe	2, 10, 20	7 = 2+2+2+1; 10=5x2	1, 2, 10, 20	4=2+2, paired counting
Austronesian	Tomoip	East New Britain	2, 5	3 = 2' + 1' : 4 = 2' + 2'	1,2, 5, 20	2, 5, 20 cycle system
Austronesian	Matukar	Madang	2', 5	digit tally, 4=2+2	1,2,3,5	Digit tally system with words for 1, 2, 3 and 5; 4= 2+2
Austronesian	Sera	Sandaun	2, 5 ?
Austronesian	Sissano	Sandaun	2, 5 ?	?	1, 2
Austronesian	Mari	Madang	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5, 20 cycles . 2 cycle system is unusual in an Austronesian language but some in nearby Morobe
Austronesian	Dawawa	Milne Bay	2, 5, 20 ?	3=2+1, 4=2+2, 5= hand, 10=2 hands	1, 2, 5, 20?	2, 5, 20 cycles with numerals for 1, 2 , 5, 20 3=2+1, 4=2+2, 5= hand, 10=2 hands
Austronesian	Wedau	Milne Bay	2', 5, 20	4=2+2, 10 is 2 hands, 20 is man	1 to 3, 5, 20	2, 5, 20 cycles forming digit tally system
Austronesian	Boianaki	Milne Bay	2', 5, 20 ?	4=2+2, hand in 5, 10=5x2, 6 to 9=x+n	1 to 3, 5, 20	distinct numerals for 1 to 3 so modified 2 cycle, 5 and 20 to form an AN digit tally 4=2+2, hand in 5, 10=5x2, 6 to 9=X+n
Austronesian	Anuki	Milne Bay	2', 5, 20	4=2x2, 5 and 10 seem to use hand morphs	1 to 3, 5, 20	modified 2 cycle, 5 and 20 4=2x2, 5 and 10 seem to use hand morphs
Austronesian	Igora	Milne Bay	2, 5, 20 ?	9=2+2+5, 6 to 9 = n + x	1, 2, 5, 20?	2, 5, and possibly 20 cycle
Austronesian	Vehes	Morobe	2', 5, 20 ?	digit tally	1, 2, 3, 4, 20?	digit tally with modified 2 cycle and 5 and an implied 20 cycle but insufficient data to confirm this
Austronesian	Mumeng	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 3, 5, 20	A modified 2 cycle with continuing 5, 20 cycles of a digit tally system. There are slight variations between dialects so a hand in one dialect is half implying half of the two hands.
Austronesian	Mapos Buang	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 3, 5, 20	2', 5, 20 cycle digit tally system with hand and foot morphemes
Austronesian	Manga Buang	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 3, 5, 20	2', 5, 20 digit tally system without the apparent use of leg morpheme in 15 and 20 is person complete
Austronesian	Wampur	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5, 20 cycle digit tally with unusual reduplication for 2 with 4 being the single repeated after another morpheme
Austronesian	Sukurum	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5
Austronesian	Sirasira	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5, 20 cycle digit tally system with 2 cycle persisting for 5 in some data sets
Austronesian	North Watut	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5, 20 cycle digit tally system
Austronesian	Wampar	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5, 20 cycle with use of hand morpheme and for 11 to 19 foot morpheme as a typical digit tally system
Austronesian	Sirak	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5, 20 cycles in digit tally system with hand morphemes for 5 to 20 and foot morphemes for 15 and 20 as the toes are complete on each foot
Austronesian	Duwet	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5, 20 cycles in digit tally system with typical hand morpheme contained in 5 to 20 with a leg morpheme in 15 to 20
Austronesian	Musom	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5, 20 cycle with typical use of hand morphemes from 5 to 20 and foot morphemes from 15 to 20
Austronesian	Yalu	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5, 20 digit tally system using hand morphemes for 5 to 20 and foot morphemes for 15 to 20
Austronesian	Lae	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5, 20	Almost extinct language in 1990. hand morpheme used in numbers 5 to 20 with a foot morpheme for numbers 11 to 20. Alternate word for 20 too and 40 is 2 x 20.
Austronesian	Piu	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally?, 6 to 9 is 'and 1', 'and 2' implying hand and 1 etc	1, 2, 3, 5, 20?	Implied digit tally for construction of 6 to 9 are implied hand 'and 1', 'and 2' etc
Austronesian	South Watut	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally, alternatives 5=2+2+1, 5?, 10?	1, 2, 5	Digit tally with 2, 5, 20 cycles. Some data indicate use of hand morphemes from 5 to 20 whereas others suggest 5=2+2+1, meaning for 5, 10 unknown
Austronesian	Adzera	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally from 10; 1 to 9 combine 1 and 2	1, 2, 5?	1 to 9 follow a 2 cycle with numbers like 6 being 2+2+2. After 10, digit tally with tallying as two hands and toes until 20 is reached as 'my hands two' and 'my feet two'
Austronesian	Nenaya	Morobe	2, 5 ?, 20	pair counting. digit tally	1, 2, 3, (5),20	2, 20 cycle system with 5 = 2+2+1 but 10 to 19 imply 5 x 2 plus construction
Austronesian	Gapapaiwa	Milne Bay	2', 5, 20 digit tally	4=2+2, 7 to 9 = x + n	1, 2, 3, 5, 20	modified 2 cycle, 5, and 20 cycles 4=2+2, 7 to 9 = X + N
Austronesian	Wogeo	East Sepik	4	8 = 4x2, 12 = 4x3	1 to 4	Austronesian language spoken on the islands with a similar 4 cycle system, One variation was a morpheme plus 4 for 16, seemingly adding on to 3x4
Austronesian	Bam	East Sepik	4	8 = 4x2, 12 = 4x3	1 to 4	4 cycle system, Austronesian. Uses for 16 and 20 two versions for hand 'vat' for 4 and 'lim' for 5.
Austronesian	Ham	Madang	4 ?, 5	digit tally	1 to 4,5?	Words for 1 to 4 with 5 = 4 + 1 but then the use of hand for numbers 6 to 9 suggesting both a 4 cycle and 5 cycle or some modification over time
Austronesian	Kuni	Central	5 ?		1 to 5?	Insufficient data to confirm as Motu type as numerals from 6 to 9 are not available
Austronesian	Kis	East Sepik	5?	?	1 to 5	Insufficient data to determine system
Austronesian	Malalamai	Madang	5, ?	10 = 5 x 2	1 to 5	5 cycle but insufficient data to say more than that 10=5x2
Austronesian	Medebur	Madang	5, ?	digit tally, (?)	1 to 5	1 to 5 numerals but insufficient data to confirm digit tally system
Austronesian	Bilbil	Madang	5, ?	digit tally	1 to 5	digit tally system with 5 cycle and further cycles are unsure, 6 to 9 is a consistent morpheme + 1 to 4 but it is not hand morpheme
Austronesian	Biliau	Madang	5, ?	digit tally	1 to 5	5 cycle but insufficient data to determine further cycles
Austronesian	Megiar	Madang	5	digit tally (to 10)	1 to 5	5 cycle system with hand morphemes and words to 5 with some suggestion of 10 but not in recent information
Austronesian	Bwaidoka	Milne Bay	5,		1 to 5	5 cycle but lack of information
Austronesian	Wataluma	Milne Bay	5	digit tally with	1 to 5	5 cycle with counting on hands and feet,The informant gives an alternative for 12, and an alternative for 24 12 x 2 which suggests that certain objects may be counted in groups of 12; no further details are given however.
Austronesian	Mambu, East Timor		5, 10	6 to 9 = 5 + n , n= 1 to 4; decades	1 to 5, 10	5, 10 cycles with regular decades
Austronesian	Magori	Central	5, 10	6 to 9 is 5 + n where n is 1 to 4	1 to 5, 10
Austronesian	Kaiep	East Sepik	5, 10	6 to 9 are 5+n where n = 1 to 4	1 to 5, 10	Digit tally, Austronesian with a less familiar numeral for 4 but 5 is lim. When tallying 5 is thumb of left hand and 6 is thumb of right hand.
Austronesian	Kairiru	East Sepik	5, 10	6 to 9 is 5 + n, where n= 1 to 4	1 to 5, 10	5 and 10 cycle, Austronesian
Austronesian	Sepa	Madang	5, 10, ?	digit tally?	1 TO 5, 10?	Hand and 5 use "lima", word for 10 but possibly digit tally
Austronesian	Takia	Madang	5, 10	digit tally	1 to 5, 10	5 and possible 20 cycle digit tally system with hand and feet morpheme more akin to the Papuan systems. Change to numeral without hand morpheme used then for 6 to 9 as 5 + n, where n= 1 to 4
Austronesian	Budibud	Milne Bay	5, 10	10-10 or 10s two, 10s three, teens different	1 to 5, 10	10s two , 10s three; variation in 2, 3, 4 in teens,
Austronesian	Doga	Milne Bay	5, 10	numerals, 5 has hand morph, 10 is man	1 to 5, 10	numerals for 1-5, 10 is man
Austronesian	Yamap	Morobe	5, 10 ?	digit tally?	1 to5, 10	5 cycle and probably 10 cycle system as there is a distinct word for 10. 5 to 9 contain a hand morphene
Austronesian	Lavongai	New Ireland	5, 10	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1 to 5, 10	5 and 10 cycles
Austronesian	Tigak	New Ireland	5, 10	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1 to 5, 10	5 qnd 10 cycle with 6=5+1, 7=5+2
Austronesian	Nalik	New Ireland	5, 10	6 to 9 = [x] +n	1 to 5, 10	5 and 10 cycles, variations for 6 = a numeral plus 1 etc fractions and first three ordinals
Austronesian	Teop	North Solomons	5, 10	6 to 9= (5) + n	1 to 5, 10	The numerals for 1 to 5, are used for 6 to 9 by what is added 5. Similarly 11 to 19 as 10 + n with 15 being 10 + 5. The decades are products of 10.
Austronesian	Timputz	North Solomons	5, 10	6 to 9 = 5 + n where n= 1 to 4	1 to 5, 10	Decades to 50 are nx10; There are 1 to 5 numerals with 6 to 9 using these numerals, 15 = 10 + 5. Several words are not typically AN, nor is the word for hand used.
Austronesian	Hahon	North Solomons	5, 10	6 to 9 = 5 + n, with n=1to 4	1 to 5, 10
Austronesian	Ulau-Suain	Sandaun	5, 10	6 to 9 = 5 + n where n= 1 to 4	1 to 5, 10
Austronesian	Gimi-Agerlep-Palik	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 10, n + x	1 to 5 ,10	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4
Austronesian	Gimi-Agerlep-Palik	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 10, n + x	1 to 5 ,10	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4
Austronesian	Gimi-Agerlep-Palik	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 10, n + x	1 to 5 ,10	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4
Austronesian	Aria	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 10, x + n	1 to 5, 10	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4
Austronesian	Mok	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 10, x + n	1 to 5, 10	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4
Austronesian	Merambera	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 8: x + n	1 to 5, 9, 10	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4, regular decades 10 x n where n is 1 to 9
Austronesian	Merambera	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 8: x + n	1 to 5, 9, 10	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4, regular decades 10 x n where n is 1 to 9
Austronesian	Mangsing	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 9: 5 + n	1 to 5, 10	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4, regular decades 10 x n where n is 1 to 9
Austronesian	Bebeli	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 9: (5) + n	1 to 5, 10	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4, with additional morphemes
Austronesian	Harua	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 9: 5 + n	1 to 5, 10	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4, regular decades 10 x n where n is 1 to 9 and teens as clearly one ten and so many ones
Austronesian	Lesing-Atui	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 9: 5 + n	1 to 5, 10	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4, regular decades 10 x n where n is 1 to 9 with variation in the morpheme for 10 in the decades
Austronesian	Asengseng	West New Britain	5, 10 ?	6 to 9, 5 + n	1 to 5, 10 ?	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4
Austronesian	Bariai	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 9: 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, 100	5, 10 cycles with number word for 100. 6 to 9 includes a 5 morpheme. Objects counted in fours, e.g. yams, taros, coconuts
Austronesian	Avau	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 9: n + x	1 to 5, 10	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4, regular decades 10 x n where n is 1 to 9
Austronesian	Akolet	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 9: n + x	1 to 5, 10	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4, regular decades 10 x n where n is 1 to 9
Austronesian	Lamogai-Rauto-Ivanga	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 9 : n + x	1 to 5, 100 ?	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4 distinct word for 100 similar to other languages among the recent informants
Austronesian	Lamogai-Rauto-Ivanga	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 9 : x + n'	1 to 5, 1 100 ?	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4 distinct word for 100 similar to other languages among the recent informants
Austronesian	Bola	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 9, x + n	1 to 5 ,10	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4
Austronesian	Arove	West New Britain	5, 10	6 to 9, x + n	1 to 5, 10, 100	5, 10, 100 cycle with 6 to 9 being a 5 plus 1 to 4 construction. 100 is given as 10 decades but also with a distinct numeral
Austronesian	Mekeo	Central	5, 10, 100	6 to 9 is 5 + n where n = 1 to 4	1 to 5, 10, 100	6 to 9 is 5 + n where n = 1 to 4. Teens and decades are regular with decades incorporating an additional morpheme as well as 10 and numbers 1 to 9
Austronesian	Muyuw	Milne Bay	5, 10, 100		1 to 5, 10, 100	Classifiers mentioned based on tree , house, animals/females. Classifiers not generally used for 1. Also use numeral prefixes for decands and hundreds
Austronesian	Kilivila	Milne Bay	5, 10, 100	6 to 9 = 5+n, 5 is not a hand morph	1-5, 10, 100	Classifiers for range of groups denoted by suffixes 5, 10, 100 with decades and hundreds regular
Austronesian	Kilivila	Milne Bay	5, 10, 100	6 to 9 = 5+n, 5 is not a hand morph	1-5, 10, 100	Classifiers for range of groups denoted by suffixes 5, 10, 100 with decades and hundreds regular
Austronesian	Muyuw	Milne Bay	5, 10, 100	classifiers	1 to 5, 10, 100	Classifiers mentioned based on tree , house, animals/females. Classifiers not generally used for 1. Also use numeral prefixes for decands and hundreds
Austronesian	Kara	New Ireland	5, 10, 100	6, 8, 9 = x + n	1 to 5, (7), 10, 11	5, 10, 100 with number 6, 8, 9 having a word plus 1, 3 and 4
Austronesian	Tiang	New Ireland	5, 10, 100	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, 100	5, 10, 100 with regular decades
Austronesian	Barok	New Ireland	5, 10, 100	6 to 9 is 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, 100	5, 10, 100 cycles with 6=5 +1, but also count in fours for certain objects
Austronesian	Patpatar	New Ireland	5, 10, 100	6 to 9 is [5] = n	1 to 5, 10, 100	5, 10, 100 system with odd decades made by adding 10 to the even decade, some fractions and ordinal numbers like second, lima used for hand and 5
Austronesian	Tabar	New Ireland	5, 10, 100	6 to 9 = [x]+n	1 to 5, 10, 100	5, 10, 100 cycles with 6 = number plus 1 etc, also added a suffix to give ordinal words like second, and some fractions
Austronesian	Tumleo	Sandaun	5, 10, 100	6 to 9 = 5+n where n= 1 to 4,	1 to 5, 10, 100	The first five numerals are pre-fixed with 'pa-' in one set of data indicate that this has the meaning of 'only' Those for 3 and 5, respectively 'tul' and 'leim' are recognisably AN in character; those for 1, 2 and 4, however, are not noticeably AN, that for 2, 'lo' or 'lou', having only a slight resemblance to the 'lua' or 'rua' commonly found in AN languages.
Austronesian	Ali	Sandaun	5, 10, 100	6 to 9 = 5 + n where n= 1 to 4	1 to 5, 10, 100	There are five distinct words for the first five numerals and those for 2, 3 and 5, are similar to the characteristic AN numerals. The numeral 5, 'lim' is not an Ali hand morpheme. 6 to 9 has the form '5 + n' where n takes the values 1 to 4.
Austronesian	Kaliai-Kove-Kombe	West New Britain	5, 10, 100	6 to 9: 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, 100	5, 10, 100 cycles with 6 to 9 being combination of 5 and 1 to 4. Regular decades, two dialects have reasonable agreement
Austronesian	Kaliai-Kove-Kombe	West New Britain	5, 10, 100	6 to 9: 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, 100	5, 10, 100 cycles with 6 to 9 being combination of 5 and 1 to 4. Regular decades, two dialects have reasonable agreement
Austronesian	Bali-Vitu	West New Britain	5, 10 ,100	6 to 9: x + n	1 to 5, 10, 100	5, 10, 100 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4. Newer data gives teens
Austronesian	Bali-Vitu	West New Britain	5, 10 ,100	6 to 9: x + n	1 to 5, 10, 100	5, 10, 100 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4. Newer data gives teens
Austronesian	Keapara	Central	5, 10, 100, 1000	6=2x3, 7=2x3+1, 8=2x4, 9=2x4+1	1 to 5, 10, 100	Beginning as a 5 cycle, it develops as base 10. Words are quite distinct for each dialect. Each also has different words for the different objects such as coconuts being counted. Pairs are used for 6 and 8 with one added for 7 and 9 except for Hula which has 7=2x4-1 and 9=10-1 as a modified Manus type.
Austronesian	Keapara	Central	5, 10, 100, 1000	6=2x3, 7=2x4-1,8=2x4, 9=10-1	1 to 5, 10, 100, 1000	Beginning as a 5 cycle, it develops as base 10. Words are quite distinct for each dialect. Each also has different words for the different objects such as coconuts being counted. Pairs are used for 6 and 8 with one added for 7 and 9 except for Hula which has 7=2x4-1 and 9=10-1 as a modified Manus type.
Austronesian	Sinagoro	Central	5, 10, 100, 1000	6 to 9 is 5 + n where n = 1 to 4	1 to 5, 10, 100, 1000	6 to 9 are both Motu type using 6 to 9 is 2x3, 2x3+1, 2x4, 2x4+1 and 6 to 9 is 5 + n where n is 1 to 4. Data given on ordinals using possible prefixes and suffixes. Teens and decades are regular and built on 10
Austronesian	Tolai	East New Britain	5, 10, 100, 1000	6 to 9 = x + n	1 to 5, 10, 100, 1000	6 to 9 = x + n where x is a morpheme and n is 1 to 4 Special ways to count common collections of objects like eggs, shell money which are large numbers Ordinals developed by using suffices and the notion of fraction is parts so feasible to refer to a fraction as number of parts
Austronesian	Mengen	East New Britain	5, 10, 20	6 to 9: 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, 20	Digit tally system with 5, 10, 20 cycles and clearly use of thumbs and fingers
Austronesian	Mengen	East New Britain	5, 10, 20	6 to 9: 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, 20	Digit tally system with 5, 10, 20 cycles and clearly use of thumbs and fingers
Austronesian	Mamusu-Kakuna	East New Britain	5, 10, 20	6 to 9: n+ x	1 to 5, 10, 20	Digit tally system with 5, 10, 20 cycles and clearly use of thumbs and fingers
Austronesian	Uvol	East New Britain	5, 10, 20 ?	6 to 9: x + n	1 to 5, 10, 20	5, 10, 20 cycles with hand morpheme for 5 and both 10 and 20 containing a man morpheme. digit tally
Austronesian	Lukep	Madang	5, 10, 20 ?	40 = 10 x 4 or 20 x 2	1 to 5, 10, 20, ?	5 and 10 cycles and 40 is either 4x10 or 2x20 so further cycles are unclear
Austronesian	Manam	Madang	5, 10, 20 ?	digit tally, no decade data, 6 to 9=5+n	1 to 5, 10, 20	typical Austronesian words with 5, 10 and may be 20 cycle system
Austronesian	Manam	Madang				digit tally with 10 and 20
Austronesian	Bohutu	Milne Bay	5, 10 ?, 20	10 is not 5+5,	1 to 5, 10, 20	2 to 4 are not typically Austronesian,
Austronesian	Suau	Milne Bay	5, 10, 20	6 to 9 = 5 + n, n=1 to 4	1 to 5, 10, 20	5, 10, 20 cycles or 5, 20 depending on the dialect. Man is part of 20 and 100 is 5 man complete indicating a 20 cycle system Many dialects with data comparisons given 6 to 9 is five plus n where n= 1 to 4
Austronesian	Suau	Milne Bay	5, 10, 20	6 to 9 = 5 + n, n=1 to 4	1 to 5, 10, 20	5, 10, 20 cycles or 5, 20 depending on the dialect. Man is part of 20 and 100 is 5 man complete indicating a 20 cycle system Many dialects with data comparisons given 6 to 9 is five plus n where n= 1 to 4
Austronesian	Tubetube	Milne Bay	5, 10, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 10, 20	5, 10, 20 data for use of numeral for 10 but then 20 is man complete rather than 10x2
Austronesian	Tubetube	Milne Bay	5, 10, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 10, 20	5, 10, 20 data for use of numeral for 10 but then 20 is man complete rather than 10x2
Austronesian	Mutu	Morobe	5, 10, 20	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, 20	5 and 10 are numeral words. 6 to 9 are 5 + n. 100 is common with neighbours with whom they trade. 10 is similar to many New Britain, New Ireland and Manus words for 10.
Austronesian	Barim	Morobe	5, 10, 20	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, 20	5 numerals then 5 to 9 are 5 +n, 10 to 19 is 10+n. 20 is man one and there are multiples of 20 with intermediate words as 20 + n etc
Austronesian	Sio	Morobe	5, 10, 20	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, 20	5, 10, 20 cycle system so additional numeral for 10, 5 has had morpheme
Austronesian	Bukauac	Morobe	5, 10, 20	6 to 9 = 5+n, where n=1 to 4, teens =10+n where n=1 to 9, digit tally?	1 to 5, 10, 20	5, 10, 20 cycle system with distinct word for 10 and a hand morpheme for 5 to 9. 20 either is man whole or it has a hand morpheme.
Austronesian	Labu	Morobe	5, 10, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 10, 20	digit tally with 5, 10, 20 cycle. 6 to 9 are 5+n where n is 1 to 4, 10 is a distinct numeral and numbers like 30 are 20 + 10
Austronesian	Hote	Morobe	5, 10, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 10, 20	5, 10, 20 cycle digit tally system with hand morpheme used in 5 to 9 but distinct words for 10 and 20 which has the gloss of 'one whole'
Austronesian	Misim	Morobe	5, 10, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 10, 20	5, 10, 20 cycle digit tally system with 5 to 9 containing a hand morpheme but 10 and 20 have distinct words, that for 20 meaning 'whole one'.
Austronesian	Kela	Morobe	5, 10, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5, 10, 20?	Digit tally Insufficient data to confirm a 10 and 20 cycle but clearly a 5 cycle
Austronesian	Kapin	Morobe	5, 10 ?, 20	digit tally from 10	1 to 5	5, 10? 20 cycle implied by the data
Austronesian	Ubir	Oro	5, 10, 20	?	1 to 5, 10, 20	5, 10, 20 cycles but it is unclear what system best describes the system. Some Papuan influence perhaps with 4=2+2
Austronesian	Malew-Kilenge	West New Britain	5, 10, 20, 100 ?	6 to 9: 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, 20, 100	5, 10, 20, 100 cycles and 6 to 9 include the 5 morpheme. Taros are counted in pairs and coconuts in fours, in which case the pair or group is numbered off.
Austronesian	Malew-Kilenge	West New Britain	5, 10, 20, 100 ?	6 to 9: 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, 20, 100	5, 10, 20, 100 cycles and 6 to 9 include the 5 morpheme. Taros are counted in pairs and coconuts in fours, in which case the pair or group is numbered off.
Austronesian	Suau	Milne Bay	5, 10, 20 or 5, 20	6 to 9 = 5 + n, n=1 to 4	1 to 5, 10, 20	5, 10, 20 cycles or 5, 20 depending on the dialect. Man is part of 20 and 100 is 5 man complete indicating a 20 cycle system Many dialects with data comparisons given 6 to 9 is five plus n where n= 1 to 4
Austronesian	Dobu	Milne Bay	5, 10, 20 or 5,10	digit tally	1 to 5, 10, 20 or 1-5, 10	digit tally, use ordinals, unlikely to use counting for comparing, for example, shell money but 'size' is used
Austronesian	Dobu	Milne Bay	5, 10, 20 or 5,10	digit tally	1 to 5, 10, 20 or 1-5, 10	digit tally, use ordinals, unlikely to use counting for comparing, for example, shell money but 'size' is used
Austronesian	Takia	Madang	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5	5 and possible 20 cycle digit tally system with hand and feet morpheme more akin to the Papuan systems. Change to numeral without hand morpheme used then for 6 to 9 as 5 + n, where n= 1 to 4
Austronesian	Gedaged	Madang	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5	Hand and foot morphemes used in this 2, 5, 20 cycle digit tally system
Austronesian	Gedaged	Madang	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5	Hand and foot morphemes used in this 2, 5, 20 cycle digit tally system
Austronesian	Kalokalo	Milne Bay	5, 20	10=5+5	1 to 5,20	5, 20 cycles
Austronesian	Wagawaga	Milne Bay	5, 20	6 to 9 = 5 + x + b, 10= 2 hands, 40=20x2	1 to 5, 20	6 to 9 = 5 + x + b, 10= 2 hands, 40=20x2
Austronesian	Bunama	Milne Bay	5, 20	6 to 9 = x+n, 5 & 10 have hand morph, 20 has man	1 to 5, 20	digit tally with 5, 20 cycles
Austronesian	Kehelala	Milne Bay	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	digit tally system with 5, 20 pattern using hands and feet
Austronesian	Kehelala	Milne Bay	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	digit tally system with 5, 20 pattern using hands and feet
Austronesian	Kurada	Milne Bay	5, 20	digit tally, 6 to 9 = x+n	1-5, 20	digit tally, with 5, 20 cycles
Austronesian	Iduna	Milne Bay	5, 20?	hand in 5 and 10	1 to 5, 20?	5 cycle,
Austronesian	Mukawa	Milne Bay	5, 20	hand, man for 20, digit tally	1 to 5, 20	Digit tally with morphene for man in 20. 5, 20 cycles
Austronesian	Mukawa	Milne Bay	5, 20	hand, man one	1 to 5, 20	Digit tally with morphene for man in 20. 5, 20 cycles
Austronesian	Tami	Morobe	5, 20	6 to 9 is 5 + n, 11 to 19, teens :10+n'	1 to 5, 20	5, 20 cycle. 6 to 9 is 5 + n, 11 to 19, teens :10+n'
Austronesian	Mangap	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	While 5 is a numeral word, 20 seems to derive from man.
Austronesian	Mumeng	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	A modified 2 cycle with continuing 5, 20 cycles of a digit tally system. There are slight variations between dialects so a hand in one dialect is half implying half of the two hands.
Austronesian	Kaiwa	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	5, 20 cycle digit tally system with hand and leg morphemes used as well as whole man for 20
Austronesian	Numbami	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	5, 10, 20 cycles in digit tally system with hand morpheme. Leg morpheme in 15 and a clear use of 20 in 20, 40, 60 as man one, man two, man three.
Austronesian	Malasanga	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally, 6 to 9=5+n, 10=2x5,	1 to 5, 20	5, 20 digit tally system
Austronesian	Maisin	Oro	5, 20	digit tally	1 t o 5, 20	This language is difficult to classify but may have been an Austronesian language heavily influenced by Papuan language and developing a 5, 20 digit tally system
Austronesian	Arifama-Miniafia	Oro	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	5, 20 cycle system with hand morpheme likely in 5
Austronesian	Arifama-Miniafia	Oro	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	5, 20 cycle system with hand morpheme likely in 5
Austronesian	Gitua	Morobe	5, 20, 100 ?	digit tally; 6 to 9 = 5+n; 40 = 2 men etc	1 to 5, 20, 100	Digit tally system with 5 having a hand morph, 10 being 2 hands, 11 to 20 having foot morphs, 40 is 2 men etc
Austronesian	Taupota	Milne Bay	5, 20 or 2', 5, 20		1 to 5, 20 or 1 to 3, 5, 20	5, 20 or modified 2 5, 20 cycle apparent from the two lots of data
Austronesian	Kaulong	West New Britain	5 or 5, 10	6 to 10, n + x	1 to 5	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4
Austronesian	Kaulong	West New Britain	5 or 5, 10	6 to 10, n + x	1 to 5	5 and 10 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4
Austronesian	Nauna	Manus	5,10,100	6 to 9:5+n,20 = 2 x 10	1 to 5,10,100	Nauna has a (5,10) cyclic structure which is unusual among the Manus counting systems. The word for 5, 'tuten' is also unusual and is not related to the AN form 'lima' and its variations. Only one word for a fraction was reported, i.e the word for a 'half' which is 'selehu'. The 'hand' morpheme in Nauna is '-min-' which is not related to the word for 5, 'tuten'.
Austronesian	Seimat	Manus	5,20	9=10-1	1 to 5,20	5 and 20 cycles with extensive use of classifiers to distinguish numbers of different classes of objects
Austronesian	Yabim	Morobe	digit tally	5, 20	1 to 5, 20	5, 20 cycle
Papuan	Laua	Central	?	?	1 to 5	Distinct numerals for 1 to 4. Insufficient data to confirm 5 cycle
Papuan	Owiniga	East Sepik	?	?	1 to 4, ?
Papuan	Walio	East Sepik	?	?	1 to 4, ?	Insufficient data
Papuan	Rocky Peak	East Sepik	?	?	1 to 5, ?	No body morphemes to indicate whether it might be a digit tally or body-part tally system
Papuan	Iteri	East Sepik	?	?	1 to 5?, ?	No hand morphemes so not possible to decide whether it might be digit tally or body-part tally system with a lack of data
Papuan	Bo	East Sepik	?	?	1 to 5, ?	not clear about use of body parts so cannot tell if digit tally or body part tally system, lack of data
Papuan	Nimo	East Sepik	?	?	1 to 5?, ?	To little data to decide system
Papuan	Papi	East Sepik	?	?	1 to 5, ?	Insufficient data to decide type of system
Papuan	Iwam	East Sepik	?	?	1 to 5, 10?	Insufficient data to confirm it might be a body-part tally type
Papuan	Piame	East Sepik	?	body-part tally	1 to 10, ?	From thumb to shoulder used in body-part tally system but not sufficient data to determine cycle
Papuan	Lembena	Enga	--	--	--	Insufficient data to confirm a 10 cycle
Papuan	Wapi	Enga	--	--	--
Papuan	Ivori	Gulf	?	?	1 to 5	Insufficient data to determine system, words for 1 to 5
Papuan	Lohiki	Gulf	?	?	1 to 5, 10	Insufficient data to determine system but words for 1 to 5 and 10
Papuan	Mena	Gulf	?	?	1 to 7, 10	insufficient data to decide system
Papuan	Minanibai	Gulf	?	body-part tally?	?	Insufficient data to confirm a body-part tally system
Papuan	Omati	Gulf	?	body-part tally?	1 to 10	Insufficient data to confirm body-part tally system
Papuan	Pawaia	Gulf	?	body-part tally?	1 to 5, 10	Possible body-part tally sysem
Papuan	Rao	Madang	?	(?)	1 to 4, other	Insufficient data to determine system but words for 1 to 4
Papuan	Dimer	Madang	?	?	1 to 4,5(?)	Insufficient data to determine data but some words for 1, 2, 5
Papuan	Usino	Madang	?	?	1 to 5 ?	Insufficient data to determine counting system
Papuan	Urigina	Madang	?	?	1 to 5 ?
Papuan	Tauya	Madang	?	4 = 2 + 2	1 2 3 5	2 cycle but insufficient data to determine system
Papuan	Biyom	Madang	?	body-part tally?	1 to 5 ?	Insufficient data to confirm a body part tally system
Papuan	Yele	Milne Bay				Borrowing of 'words' from neighbouring AN suffixes. Particularly difficult sounds in language making it difficult to reproduce consistently, evidence of a 4-cycle system especially between 5000 and 9000
Papuan	Yele	Milne Bay		4-cycle inside 10 for 1000s	1 to 10,	Borrowing of 'words' from neighbouring AN suffixes. Particularly difficult sounds in language making it difficult to reproduce consistently, evidence of a 4-cycle system especially between 5000 and 9000
Papuan	Mape	Morobe		digit tally, 3=2+1, 4=2+2	1, 2, 5, 20	Digit tally system with hand morpheme
Papuan	Buin	North Solomons				Noun classifiers are used so there are different words for 1 to 6 depending on the classifier. 7=10-3; 8=10-2. It has a basic cycle of 10, 100 and is a Papuan language. The numbers 11 to 19 have a consistent pattern and there are clear sets for decades and hundreds. There are usually 3 morphs associated with noun set.
Papuan	Konua	North Solomons	?	-	1 to 5, ?, 10
Papuan	Keriaka	North Solomons	--	?	1 to 5,?, 10
Papuan	Busa	Sandaun	?	?	1 to 5
Papuan	Musian	Sandaun	?		1 to 5, 10
Papuan	Kilmeri	Sandaun	?	5=2+2+1	1 to 7
Papuan	Tuwari	Sandaun	?	body parts	1 to 14?	Body parts system with words at least to 10
Papuan	Baibai	Sandaun	?	body parts?	1 to 5
Papuan	Nagatman	Sandaun	?	body parts	1 to 5
Papuan	Kwomtari	Sandaun	?	body-parts	1 to 5
Papuan	Sau	Southern Highlands				possibly 4 or 5 cycle system
Papuan	Kaluli	Southern Highlands		body-part tally		Limited words and 5 and 10 do not include a hand morph so more likely body-part than digit tally
Papuan	Kasua	Southern Highlands		body-part tally		five has no hand morph so unlikely to be digit tally system
Papuan	Lower Morehead (Peremka	Western				The only data derive from the Rev. E.B. Riley's vocabularies (Riley & Ray, 1930, pp. 849-50, Ray, 1923, p.343) one of which is 'Peremka', an alternative name for Lower Morehead. The number words from the Peremka vocabulary are 1-neambi, 2-yendar, 5-neambi?
Papuan	Upper Morehead	Western	?	?	1 to 5	Data available in Riley and Ray, 1930, pp. 849-50 and Ray, 1923, p. 343
Papuan	Boazi	Western	?	?	1 to 5, 10	Lack of available data to finalise results
Papuan	Nambu	Western			see other data	2 cycle, digit tally likely; many records with a number of variations
Papuan	Tao-Suamato	Western	?	body-part tally	1 to 5, 10	Body part tally
Papuan	Beami	Western		not known, possibly body-part tally		not known but no hand morphene nor two cycle.
Papuan	Konai	Western		possible body part as not same as digit tally	numerals, no hand morphene	Possible body part as not same as digit tally with no hand morphene but insufficient data
Papuan	Enga	Enga	10	8=10-2?,9=10-1?	1 to 7, 10	Data from different sources. Initially there were sequences of cycles of 4 with each sequence given a name. It appears to be a modified 60-cycle system. Early data suggests a body-part tallying system with 12 as nose. Analysis is difficult due to its use now mainly in infrequent ceremonies A power of two beginning with cycles of 2, 4, and 8 noted.
Papuan	Orokolo	Gulf	10	converted body part	1 to 10	body part tally of 27 parts with modification to accommodate introduced decimal system, abandoning at 10
Papuan	Kuot	New Ireland	10	30=3x10, 50=5 x 10, 18=10+5+3	1 to 10,	5, 10 cycles with decades and higher teens eg. 18=10+5+3 with similar pattern for other decades
Papuan	Anem	West New Britain	10	20 = 10 x 2	1 to 10, 100	10 cycle with regular decades as products of 10
Papuan	Buin	North Solomons	10, 100	7=10-3, 8=10-2	1 to 6, 9	Noun classifiers are used so there are different words for 1 to 6 depending on the classifier. 7=10-3; 8=10-2. It has a basic cycle of 10, 100 and is a Papuan language. The numbers 11 to 19 have a consistent pattern and there are clear sets for decades and hundreds. There are usually 3 morphs associated with noun set.
Papuan	Ekagi	West Papua	10, 20, 60	decades	1 to 10, 20, 30, 50, 60, 100	Unusual Papuan system with 10 base. However, higher cycles also of 20 and 60 but no evidence of a body-part tally system. It is more likely to be a hybrid of a 6 cycle and 10 cycle resulting from interactions with other systems.
Papuan	Ama	East Sepik	12 ?	body-part tally	1 to 6, 7, 9, 11	Body-part tally is unusual in including the navel and switching from left and right breast and shoulders. Unusual if only a system up to 12 but no more data suggested, only 'many'
Papuan	Danu	Southern Highlands	14	body part tally	1 to 14	14 cycle asymmetric body part tally system moving up one side and across to the eye and ear of the other side.
Papuan	Keuru	Gulf	15 ?	digit tally?	1 to 14, 20	unusual digit tally as it uses finger words for the first five numerals and 5 does not contain a hand morphene, cycle of 15
Papuan	Huli	Southern Highlands	15 or 27	two hands and a foot tally, probably from body-part tally suffixes	1 to 14	Classifiers and 15 cycle system using fingers and toes but possibly it was originally a body-part tally system. The system also uses suffixes for cardinal, ordinal numbers and time. Ordinal numbers are often used for enumeration, e.g. in exchanges or gardens
Papuan	Agob	Western	18	body part tally	1 to 9	Numerals for 1, with 1 to 4 as combinations . 5 = 2+2+1 and not a known hand morphene. Also a body part tally system. By Lean's time only numerals were used in various combinations..
Papuan	Gidra	Western	19	body part tally	1 to 10	body part replaced by digit tally systems apparently
Papuan	Bine	Western	19	body part tally, 4=2+2	1, 2, 3, 5 to 10	3 cycle. Older body-part system. Also some 2 cycle and hybrid 2 and 3 cycle data
Papuan	Tauade	Central	2		1, 2	2 cycle system with 6 to 10 having 5 morphemes
Papuan	Kamasau	East Sepik	2	5 = 2+2+1	1, 2	5 = 2+2+1, insufficient data to decide if it is a digit tally
Papuan	Muniwara	East Sepik	2	5 = 2+2+1	1, 2	2 cycle
Papuan	North-Eastern Kiwai	Gulf	2	5=2+2+1	1, 2	2 cycle
Papuan	Podopa	Gulf	2	5=2+2+1, body tally ?	1, 2	2 cycle but some indication of a body-tally system, 6 is 2+2+2, 10 is 2 repeated five times
Papuan	Mikarew	Madang	2', ?	1,2,3=2+1, 4=2+2	1, 2,?	2 cycle with 5=2+2+1
Papuan	Garus	Madang	2	3=2+1, 4=2+2, 6=3 *2	1,2	2 cycle system with 3 = 2+1, 4 = 2+2, 6 is given as 3 x 2 and also 2+2+2
Papuan	Garuh	Madang	2	3=2+1, 4=2+2, 6=3*2	1,2	2 cycle system with the following combinations: 3 = 2+1, 4 = 2 + 2, 6 = 3 x 2
Papuan	Wanambre	Madang	2	5=2+2+1	1,2	2 cycle but insufficient data to confirm it is a digit tally system
Papuan	Kobon	Madang	2', ?	body-part tally with numeral set?	1,2,5 to ?	2 cycle system and probable 5 cycle
Papuan	Waibuk	Madang	2', ?	numeral set / body-part tally	1,2,5,to ?	There is a numeral set with 1, 2, 5 but not clear how far but seems to be a Body-Part Tally system
Papuan	Kalam	Madang	2	numerical set	1,2	A body-part tally system with a 23- cycle, the symmetrical mid-point of the cycle being tallied at 12 at a point at a base of the throat. The left-hand side of the body and then the symmetrical right-hand counterparts are employed. The fingers using their names are tallied first and then the wrist (6), lower arm (7), elbow (8), upper arm (9), shoulder (10), and collar-bone (11).
Papuan	Sona	Milne Bay	2 ?	1, 2, 2+1, 2+2, 2+2+1	1, 2	appears to be 2 cycle and not 2, 5 cycle like other Dagan but limited data
Papuan	Sona	Milne Bay	2	1,2,3=2+1,4=2+2, 5=2+2+1	1, 2
Papuan	Ginuman	Milne Bay	2, ?	3=2+1, 4=2+2	1, 2, 5, 10,?	2 cycle but not sufficient to give rest
Papuan	Mamaa	Morobe	2	?	1, 2	Basic numeral set with 2, 4, and 5 being compounds of 1 and 2.
Papuan	Mamaa	Morobe	2	?	1, 2	Basic numeral set with 2, 4, and 5 being compounds of 1 and 2.
Papuan	Nuk	Morobe	2	digit tally	1, 2, 10?, 20?	2 cycle but unsure of the other cycle
Papuan	Yagawak	Morobe	2	numeral set	1, 2	3 is '2 + 1', 4 is '2 + 1 + 1', 5 is '2 + 1 + 2', 6 is '2 + 1 + 2 + 1'; 10, however, is '2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2'.
Papuan	Bam	Morobe	2	numeral set	1, 2	2 cycle system with 3 is '2 + 1', 4 is '2 + 1 + 1', 5 is '2 + 1 + 2', 6 is '2 + 1 + 2 + 1'; 10, however, is '2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2'.
Papuan	Amanab	Sandaun	2	3=2+1, 4=2+2	1,2
Papuan	Oksapmin	Sandaun	2	4=2+2	1, 2, 3?	Body parts counting system of 27 parts with an additional 2 cycle counting system
Papuan	Olo	Sandaun	2	digit tally	1, 2	Digit tally system with cyclic pattern of 2, 5 and Frame Pattern of 1,2,5
Papuan	Waia	Western	2	?	1, 2, 10	2 cycle but changing
Papuan	Nambu	Western	2	?	1, 2, 5	2 cycle, digit tally likely; many records with a number of variations
Papuan	Dorro	Western	2	?	1, 2, 5	2 cycle but data unclear to decide if body tally or digit tally
Papuan	Suki	Western	2'	?, 3=2+1	1, 2, 4, 5	2 cycle with possible words for 4 and 5 but probably not a digit tally system
Papuan	Agob	Western	2	3=2+1, 4=2+2,	1, 2	Numerals for 1, with 1 to 4 as combinations . 5 = 2+2+1 and not a known hand morphene. Also a body part tally system. By Lean's time only numerals were used in various combinations..
Papuan	Miriam	Western	2	4= 2+2, 5=2+2+1	1, 2	Body-part tally system and a 2 cycle system. 4 = 2+2, 5 = 2+2+1
Papuan	Southern Kiwai	Western	2	4=2+2, 5=2+2+1	1, 2	2 cycle with 5=2+2+1
Papuan	Agob	Western	2	5=2+2+1	1, 2	Numerals for 1, with 1 to 4 as combinations . 5 = 2+2+1 and not a known hand morphene. Also a body part tally system. By Lean's time only numerals were used in various combinations..
Papuan	Lewada	Western	2	5=2+2+1	1, 2	2 cycle include 5=2+2+1, variations on 3 as distinct numeral or 2+1
Papuan	Tirio	Western	2	5=2+2+1	1, 2	2 cycle with 1, 2, and 5=2+2+1
Papuan	Wabuda	Western	2	5=2+2+1	1, 2	2 cycle with 5=2+2+1 and pattern does not persist for 8-10 but more language needed to see if body part system
Papuan	Bamu Kiwai	Western	2	5=2+2+1	1, 2	2 cycle
Papuan	Yonggom	Western	2, ?	body-part tally	1, 2, 4, to ?	2 cycle modified and probably body part system of 27 to 29
Papuan	Yonggom	Western	2', ?	body-part tally	1, 2, 4, to ?	2 cycle modified and probably body part system of 27 to 29
Papuan	Nambu	Western	2'	digit tally ?	1, 2, 3, 5	2 cycle, digit tally likely; many records with a number of variations
Papuan	Nomad	Western	2	pair counting	1, 2	Pair counting evident in two dialects with a possible body-part tally in another.
Papuan	Morigi	Gulf	2, 10 ?	3=2+1, 4=2+2	1, 2, 10	2 cycle, 10?
Papuan	Anggor	Sandaun	2, 23	body parts	1 to 12, 20 to 30
Papuan	Awin	Western	2', 23	body-part tally	1, 2, 4, 12	2 cycle with 3=2+1 but from 5 on body part tally of 23 cycle matches part words
Papuan	Giri	Madang	2, ?; 26	3=2+1. 4=2+2, digit tally?;body part tally	1, 2	2 cycle and body--part tally system
Papuan	Giri	Madang	2, ?; 26	3=2+1. 4=2+2, digit tally?;body part tally	1,2	2 cycle and body--part tally system
Papuan	Mianmin	Sandaun	2, 27	3=2+1, 4=2+2+, 5=2+2+1, 6 =2+2+2+	1, 2, 7 to 14	Body part tally system with 27 tally points and a 2 cycle system, the words for the first 6 numbers are the first words of the body-part tally system in one source
Papuan	Mianmin	Sandaun	2, 27	body parts	1, 2, 7 to 14	Body part tally system with 27 tally points and a 2 cycle system, the words for the first 6 numbers are the first words of the body-part tally system in one source
Papuan	Faiwol	Western	2, 27	body-part tally	1, 2, 5 to 14	Body part tally with numerals for 2, 3, 4 in a 2-cycle
Papuan	Bumbita	East Sepik	2', 3 ?	5=3+2	1, 2, 3	5=3+2little data
Papuan	Wasembo	Morobe	2, 3 ?	numeral set?	1, 2, 3	4 = 2+2, 5= 2+3, 6=3+3
Papuan	Som	Morobe	2, 3	numeral system	1, 2, 3	A simple numeral system with a basic numeral set (1,2,3), other numerals being formed from compounds of these so that 3 is '2 + 1', 5 is '2 + 2 + 1', and 6 is '3 + 3'.
Papuan	Gogodala	Western	2', 3, 20	digit tally, 4=2+2	1, 2, 3, 5	4=2+2, morphene for hand appears in word for 5, 10 and 20 but word for man is not used with the meaning being hands and feet complete.
Papuan	Southern Arapesh	East Sepik	2', 3, 5	5=3+2, 6=3+3, 7=5+2	1, 2, 3, 5	classifiers for 17 groups and 3 cycle gives 4 is '2 + 2', 5 is '3 + 2', 6 is '3 + 3', 7 is '3 + 3 + 1', 8 is '(2 + 2) + (2 + 2)', 9 is '(3 + 2) + (2 + 2)', and 10 is '(3 + 2) + (3 + 2)'.
Papuan	Toaripi	Gulf	2', 3 ?, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 3, 5	digit tally, a numeral for 3 but 4=2+2
Papuan	Ninggirum	Western	2, 30	body part tally	1, 2, 4 to 15	Body part tally system with 30 cycle crossing directly across from left eye to right. Numerals for 1, 2 3=2+1, 4, 5
Papuan	Mountain Arapesh	East Sepik	2', 4	8=2x4, 12=3x4	1, 2, 4	4 cycle system with possible 10 cycle
Papuan	Mountain Arapesh	East Sepik	2', 4, 10?	3=2+1, 5=4+1	1, 2, 4, 10?	4 cycle system with possible 10 cycle
Papuan	Hagen	Western Highlands	2', 4, 8, 10 or 2', 4, 5, 8	5 to 7=4+n, 6=5+1or4+2, 7=5+2or4+3	1, 2, 3, 8, 10 ; 1, 2, 3, 5, 8	Cycle of 8 dominates but some use of 10 in some data sources, as used in pig feasts. Remnants of 2 and 4 cycles. Counting from small left finger bending fingers down, then after fingers, use right hand fingers before 2 thumbs. Gawigl (Kaugel) source is more straightforward and based on cycles of 4 and 28.
Papuan	Koiari	Central	2, 5		1, 2, 5	2 cycle but some data also provides a 5 cycle with a hand morpheme
Papuan	Barai	Central	2, 5 ?		1, 2, 5?	2 cycle pattern is clear but unsure of 5 cycle due to diversity in data sources. 10 and 20 are given with a morpheme for many in one source and 4, 5, 10 seem to have hand morphemes with 10 being hand hand
Papuan	Barai	Central	2, 5 ?		1, 2, 5?	2 cycle pattern is clear but unsure of 5 cycle due to diversity in data sources. 10 and 20 are given with a morpheme for many in one source and 4, 5, 10 seem to have hand morphemes with 10 being hand hand
Papuan	Bauwaki	Central	2, 5		1, 2, 5	2 cycle and apparently a 5 cycle but variation in the data suggests unreliability of some of the data.
Papuan	Humene	Central	2', 5	4=2+2, 6=5+1	1,2, 3, 5	modified 2 with a numeral for 3 and while 6 is 5+1, data for 7 and 8 appear to be in error
Papuan	Kunimaipa	Central	2, 5	6 to 9 = 5 + n where n= 1 to 4	1, 2, 4	2 and 5 cycles with 6 to 9 = 5 + n where n= 1 to 4
Papuan	Mountain Koiari	Central	2, 5	6 to 9 is 5 + n where n=1 to 4	1, 2, 5	consistency of 2 and 5 cycle with 'whole' used in one case for 5 followed by hand morpheme for remaining numbers
Papuan	Mountain Koiari	Central	2, 5	6 to 9 is 5 + n where n=1 to 4	1, 2, 5	consistency of 2 and 5 cycle with 'whole' used in one case for 5 followed by hand morpheme for remaining numbers
Papuan	Abia	Central	2, 5	6 to 9 is 5+n where n=1 to 4	1, 2, 5	2, 5 cycles with 6 to 9 is 5+n where n=1 to 4. Various records from the different dialects, high number of numeral words might suggest a body-part tally system in the 1914 data but no confirmation
Papuan	Abia	Central	2, 5	6 to 9 is 5+n where n=1 to 4	1, 2, 5	2, 5 cycles with 6 to 9 is 5+n where n=1 to 4. Various records from the different dialects, high number of numeral words might suggest a body-part tally system in the 1914 data but no confirmation
Papuan	Binahara	Central	2, 5	6 to 9 is 5 + n where n=1 to 4	1, 2, 5	2, 5 cycle system with 6=5+1, 7=5+2, 8=5+2+1, 9=5+2=2
Papuan	Maria	Central	2', 5	6 to 9 is 5 + n where n is 1 to 4	1, 2, 3, 5	2 cycle or possibly modified 2 if 3 is a separate morpheme, 6 = 5+1 etc
Papuan	Kol-Sui	East New Britain	2', 5	3 = 2 + 1	1, 2, 4, 5	Modified two cycle system with 4 and 5 having their own numerals
Papuan	Mountain Arapesh	East Sepik	2', 5	3=2+1, 6=5+1	1, 2, 4	4 cycle system with possible 10 cycle
Papuan	Banaro	East Sepik	2', 5	3 = 2+1, digit tally	1, 2, 4, 5	2 cycle modified, 3 = 2+1, digit tally likely with palm of hand morpheme in 5 and 10
Papuan	Abaga	Eastern Highlands	2, 5?	-	1, 2, 5	2 cycle, 5 implied
Papuan	Yagaria	Eastern Highlands	2, 5	6 to 9 = 5 + n, where n = 1to 4, or combinations of 2 and 1	1, 2, 5, 20	2, 5 cycle system and apparently no 20, man cycle
Papuan	Kerewo	Gulf	2, 5	3=2+1. 4=2+2, 5=2+2+1?	1, 2, 5	2, 5 but insufficient data for decision on system
Papuan	Toaripi	Gulf	2', 5	digit tally,	1, 2, 3, 5	digit tally, a numeral for 3 but 4=2+2
Papuan	Ankave	Gulf	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2 and 5 cycle, digit tally, 4=2+2, 5 and 10 have hand morphene
Papuan	Raepa-Tati	Gulf	2, 5 ?	digit tally?	1, 2, 5	2 cycle and possibly digit tally
Papuan	Hamtai	Gulf	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, (5)	digit tally
Papuan	Ipiko	Gulf	2', 5?	digit tally?	1 to 3, 5, 10	hand for 10 suggesting a digit tally system as well as 2 and 5 cycle but lack of data
Papuan	Uaripi	Gulf	2' ?, 5	digit tally	1 to 5	digit tally presumed with modified 2 cycle previously
Papuan	Arigibi	Gulf	2, 5	digit tally?, 10=5x2	1, 2, 5	2, 5 cycle with 10 = 2 x 5, with hand morphene suggesting digit tally but insufficient data to be conclusive
Papuan	Gamei	Madang	2', 5	3=2+1, digit tally	1, 2, 4, 5	2, 5 cycles,
Papuan	Waskia	Madang	2, 5	body-part?	1, 2, 5	2, 5 cycle system but insufficient data to confirm digit tally as some indication of body-part tally system
Papuan	Bosman	Madang	2', 5	digit tally, 3=2+1	1, 2, 4, 5	digit tally with a distinct word for 4 while 3 = 2 + 1
Papuan	Bongu	Madang	2', 5 ?	digit tally, 4 = 2 + 2	1, 2, 3, 5 ?	modified 2 cycle and a 5 cycle suggesting a digit tally system but 20 is not confirmed
Papuan	Bongu	Madang	2', 5 ?	digit tally, 4 = 2 + 2	1 to 5	modified 2 cycle and a 5 cycle suggesting a digit tally system but 20 is not confirmed
Papuan	Matepi	Madang	2', 5	digit tally 4=2+2	1,2,3,5	modified 2 cycle and a 5 cycle to form a digit tally system
Papuan	Igom	Madang	2', 5 ?	digital tally,3=2+1	1,2,4,5	5 is 2+2+1 or it contains a hand or arm morphene but also refers to 4-legged pig
Papuan	Tangu	Madang	2', 5	digital tally,3=2+1, 4=2+2	1,2,5	2, 5 cycle digit tally system
Papuan	Tani	Madang	2', 5	digital tally? 3=2+1, 4=2+2	1,2,5	2 and 5 cycle but insufficient data to confirm digit tally system
Papuan	Gusan	Morobe	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 4, 5	2, 5 cycles
Papuan	Sauk	Morobe	2, 5 ?	digit tally	1, 2, 5?	2 cycle but insufficient data to determine 5 cycle
Papuan	Finungwa	Morobe	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 5?,	Minimal data indicates a 2 cycle and a possible hand morpheme for 5 and the next few numbers
Papuan	Nomu	Morobe	2, 5	digit tally, 15=5 x 3, 20= 5 x 4	1, 2, 5	Digit tally with data suggesting that 15 and 20 are multiples of 5 which has a hand morphene. 10 also has a hand morphene.
Papuan	Baruga	Oro	2', 5	4 = 2 + 2, digit tally	1, 2, 3, 5	modified 2 cycle and 5 cycle system, digit tally
Papuan	Bariji	Oro	2', 5	4 = 2 + 2, digit tally	1, 2, 3, 5	modified 2 cycle and 5 cycle digit tally system
Papuan	Yareba	Oro	2', 5	4 = 2 + 2, digit tally	1, 2, 3, 5	modified 2 cycle and 5 cycle digit tally system
Papuan	Mawae	Oro	2', 5	4 = 3 + 1 or 4 = 2 + 2	1, 2, 3, 5	modified 2 cycle with a 5 cycle system
Papuan	Aomie	Oro	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5 digit tally system
Papuan	Managalasi	Oro	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, and 5 cycle digit tally system
Papuan	Aeka	Oro	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5 cycle digit tally system with common use of hand and foot morphemes
Papuan	Orokaiva	Oro	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5 cycle system with hand and foot morphemes
Papuan	Siliput	Sandaun	2, 5 ?		1, 2, 5	2-cyclic pattern for digit tally with possible 5 cycle
Papuan	Fas	Sandaun	2, 5	10=5+5	1,2,5
Papuan	Mehek	Sandaun	2, 5	4=2+2	1, 2, 5	2 cycle with a further 5 cycle
Papuan	Pagi	Sandaun	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2
Papuan	Amto	Sandaun	2, 5	digit tally?	1, 2, 3, 5
Papuan	Aru	Sandaun	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 3, 5	Digit tally, uses foot or leg morpheme and has (5,20) cyclic pattern.
Papuan	Aiku	Sandaun	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 3, 5	A digit-tally system which utilizes both fingers and toes. One man is complete at 20 thus possesses a (2',5,20) cyclic pattern.
Papuan	Olo	Sandaun	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 5)	Digit tally system with cyclic pattern of 2, 5 and Frame Pattern of 1,2,5
Papuan	Elkei	Sandaun	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 5	Digit tally system with cyclic pattern of 2, 5 and Frame Pattern of 1,2,5
Papuan	Wiaki	Sandaun	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 5	Digit tally system using arm and leg morphemes, and 2 and 5 cycles
Papuan	Beli	Sandaun	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 5	Digit tally system with 2 and 5 cycles
Papuan	Yahang	Sandaun	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 5	Digit tally system using fingers, toes and 20-cycle is a 'man' cycle, i.e. the fingers and toes of one man.
Papuan	Valman	Sandaun	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 5	Digit-tally system which uses tallying of both fingers and toes. 2 and 5 cycle and likely 20 cycle
Papuan	Valman	Sandaun	2, 5	digit tally	1, 2, 5	Digit-tally system which uses tallying of both fingers and toes. 2 and 5 cycle and likely 20 cycle
Papuan	Warapu	Sandaun	2, 5	digit tally	1,2,5	a digit-tally one which has a (2,5) cyclic pattern. There are distinct words for 1 and 2: 'moike' and 'riyepin' respectively. The numbers 3 and 4 are combinations of these: 3 has a '2 + conjunction + 1' construction and 4 has a '2 + 2' construction. The number words for 5 and 10 both contain a 'hand' morpheme and foot morphene for 15
Papuan	Waris	Sandaun	2, 5	digit tally	1,2,5
Papuan	Heyo	Sandaun	2, 5	digit tally, 3=2+1	1, 2, 5	Digit tally system having 2 and 5 cyclic pattern
Papuan	Chimbu	Simbu	2, 5	digit tally to 5	1, 2, 5	2 and 5 cycles, digit tally, some data suggest 5 = '2+2+1' construction and 6 had a '2+2+2'
Papuan	Bimin	Western	2, 5, ?	?	1,2,5	numbers to five only, may be 10, system cannot decided
Papuan	Zimakani	Western	2, 5, ?	3=2+1, 4=2+2, digit tally?	1, 2, 5	2 cycle for 3=2+1, 4=2+2, but 5 has hand morphene suggesting with more data it might be a digit tally system
Papuan	Aturu	Western	2, 5 ?	digit tally	1,2,5	2 cycle, probably 5 and digit tally system
Papuan	Kamula	Western	2, 5 ?	digit tally?	1,2,5,10	2 cycle, little data
Papuan	Ari-Waruna	Western	2, 5	digit tally 6=x+1, 7=x+2 , 8=x+2+1, 9=x+2+2?	1, 2, 5, 10	2, 5 MAY BE DIGIT TALLY
Papuan	Domu	Central	2', 5, 10	6 to 9 is 5+n where n = 1 to 4	1, 2, 3, 5	modified 2 cycle with distinct numeral for 3 but 4=2+2, 5 cycle with 6 to 9 being 5 + n where n is 1 to 4. 10 cycle suggest by one ten for 10 which is unusual for a Papuan system
Papuan	Benabena	Eastern Highlands	2, 5, 10	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1, 2, 5, 20? or 1, 2, 5, 10	2, 5 cycle with 10 used for building with hand and feet morphemes,
Papuan	Lilau	Madang	2', 5, 10	digital tally,3=2+1	1,2,4,5,10	modified 2 cycle with 5 cycle and digit tally system apparently
Papuan	Koita	Central	2, 5, 10, 100, 1000	8=10-2?. 9=10-1?	1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, 100, 1000	2, 5, 10, 100 cycles are unusual with little influence from Motu except for words for 100 and 1000
Papuan	Gants	Madang	2, 5, 10, ?, 20 ?	digit tally?	1,2,5,10,20	2, 5, 20 cycles forming a digit tally system
Papuan	Siane	Eastern Highlands	2, 5; 2', 5	--; 4=2+2	1, 2, 5 ; 1, 2, 3, 5	2 cycle or modified 2 cycle with hand used for keeping track
Papuan	Daga	Central	2', 5, 20	6 to 9 is 5 + n where n is 1 to 4	1, 2, 3, 5, 10
Papuan	Sulka	East New Britain	2, 5, 20	3 = 2 + 1, 4 = 2 + 2	1, 2, 5, 20	2, 5, 20 cycles with two groups of 20 for 40. 3 = 2+1 4 = 2+2
Papuan	Sulka	East New Britain	2, 5, 20	3 = 2 + 1, 4 = 2 + 2	1, 2, 5, 20	2, 5, 20 cycles with two groups of 20 for 40. 3 = 2+1 4 = 2+2
Papuan	Abelem	East Sepik	2', 5, 20	4=2+2, digit tally	1, 2, 3, 4?, 5	3 cycle in some data, others indicate a modified 2 cycle, then digit tally cycles of 5 and 20
Papuan	Urat	East Sepik	2', 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 3, 5	Digit tally
Papuan	Kombio	East Sepik	2, 5, 20?	digit tally	1, 2, 5	digit tally
Papuan	Urimo	East Sepik	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5	Digit tally system with hand morphemes in 5 and 10, and hand and feet morphemes in 20
Papuan	Alamblak	East Sepik	2, 5, 20?	digit tally	1, 2, 5	Two systems coexist with a body-part tally system. Men and women have different 29 cycle body-part tally systems using left arm to nose (men) and down right arm
Papuan	Mandi	East Sepik	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5, 20
Papuan	Yate	Eastern Highlands	2, 5, 20?	--	1, 2, 5, 20?	2, 5 cycles but not clear if 20 cycle
Papuan	Fore	Eastern Highlands	2, 5, 20	3=1+1+1; 4=2+2	1, 2, 5, 20	2, 5, 20 cycle system of digit tally system
Papuan	Gahuku-Asaro	Eastern Highlands	2, 5, 20 ?	3=2+1'; 6 to 9 = 5 + n	1,2,	2 cycle with hands and probably feet used to keep track
Papuan	Usarufa	Eastern Highlands	2', 5, 20	4=2+2; 6 to 9= x+n	1, 2, 3, 5, 20	modified 2 cycle with 5, 20 for digit tally system
Papuan	Awa	Eastern Highlands	2, 5, 20	4=2+2, 6 to 9 = x+n; 11 to 14 = y+n	1, 2, 3, 5, 20?	2, 5 20 cycle but also a numeral for 3. digit tally system
Papuan	Gahuku-Asaro	Eastern Highlands	2, 5, 20 ?	6 to 9= 5 + n	1, 2, 5, 20?	2 cycle with hands and probably feet used to keep track
Papuan	Tairora	Eastern Highlands	2, 5, 20	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1, 2, 5, 20	2, 5, 20 cycle of the digit tally kind
Papuan	Gimi	Eastern Highlands	2, 5, 20	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1, 2, 5, 20	2, 5, 20 cycle of digit tally system
Papuan	Baruya	Eastern Highlands	2, 5, 20 ?	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1, 2, 5, 20?	Distinct words for male and female
Papuan	Yagwoia	Eastern Highlands	2, 5, 20	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1, 2, 5, 20	2, 5, 20 cycle system of digit tally kind
Papuan	Binumarien	Eastern Highlands	2, 5, 20	6 to 9 = 5 + n, n is complex	1, 2, 5, 20	2, 5, 20 cycle system of the digit tally
Papuan	Agarabi	Eastern Highlands	2, 5, 20 ?	6 to 9 = x + n	1, 2, 5	Hands and feet are used to keep track of tallying in a basic two-cycle system. 5 cycle implied Man or 20 brings a 20 cycle.
Papuan	Musar	Madang	2, 5, 20?	digit tally	1,2	2 cycle but as a digit tally system it is implied that it has a 5, 20 cycles
Papuan	Monumbo	Madang	2, 5, 20	digit tally, 3=2+1, 4=2+2	1, 2, 5	digit tally system with 1, 2, 5 cycles
Papuan	Domung	Madang	2', 5, 20	digit tally, 4 = 2 + 2	1, 2, 3, 5	modified 2 cycle, 5, and 20 cycles in digit tally system
Papuan	Isan	Madang	2', 5, 20	digit tally, 4 = 2 + 2	1, 2, 3, 5	modified 2 cycle, 5 and 20 cycle with hand and foot morphemes used in this digit tally system
Papuan	Ulingan	Madang	2' ?, 5, 20	digit tally, 4=2+2?	1 to 5, 20	5, 10 cycle and possibly digit tally but no data beyond 10. Some data implies a modified 2 cycle
Papuan	Gwedena	Milne Bay	2, 5, 20	3=2+1, 4=2+2, 10=5+5	1, 2, 5, 20	2, 5, 20 with 10 having a hand morpheme,
Papuan	Jimajima	Milne Bay	2', 5, 20	7=x+2, 8=x+3	1 to 3, 5, 20	modified two cycle, 5 and 20 cycles. 9 may be x+2+2 as a pattern for numbers between 6 and 9 as x + number used between 1 and 4
Papuan	Agaataha	Morobe	2' ?, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 3, 4?, 5	digit tally with 2 cycle but 4 being x + x where x is not 2. hand morpheme used in 5, 10, 15 but foot morpheme appears in 20 (not 15)
Papuan	Nakama	Morobe	2 ?, 5, 20 ?	digit tally	1, 2, 3?,4?, 5, 20	5, 20 cycle system with possible 2 cycle
Papuan	Weri	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 4, 5, 20	2', 5, 20 cycles in digit tally system with use of hand and feet morphemes
Papuan	Irumu	Morobe	2, 5, 20 ?	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5 and implied 20 cycle digit tally system
Papuan	Waffa	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5, 20 cycle digit tally system with variation in the word for 5 as 5th finger or hands half
Papuan	Safeyoka	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5, 20 cycle system forming a digit tally system
Papuan	Kamasa	Morobe	2, 5 ?, 20 ?	digit tally?	1, 2, 5?	2 numerals only provided
Papuan	Kawatsa	Morobe	2, 5 ?, 20 ?	digit tally	1, 2, 5?	Insufficient data to confirm more than the 2 cycle but seems to have a 5 and 20 cycle not necessarily using hand morphemes
Papuan	Menya	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5	2, 5, 20 cycles in a digit tally system
Papuan	Nek	Morobe	2, 5, 20 ?	digit tally	1, 2, 5, 20	Uses 'hand' and 'leg' morpheme
Papuan	Numanggang	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5, 20	Digit tally uses 'hand' morpheme
Papuan	Nimi	Morobe	2, 5, 20 ?	digit tally	1, 2, 5, 20	2, 5, 20 digit tally system
Papuan	Wantoat	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5, 20	2, 5, 20 cycles for digit tally with use of hand morpheme in 5 to 19, man complete for 20
Papuan	Suena	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5, 20
Papuan	Yekora	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally, 3=2+1	1, 2, 4, 5, 20	modified 2 cycle with 5 and 20 cycle in digit tally, use of hand, foot and man morphemes
Papuan	Zia	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally, 3=2+1	1, 2, 4, 5, 20	2', 5, 20 cycle digit tally system with meaning of 4 and addition for 3 (2+x) are unsure
Papuan	Kinalakna	Morobe	2, 5, 20 ?	digit tally; 3 = 2+1, 4=2+2	1, 2, 5	This digit tally system uses 1 and 2 to give 3 and 4. Both 5 and 10 contain a 'hand' morpheme. The number words for 11 to 20 each contain a 'leg' morpheme.
Papuan	Kate	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally; 3=2+1. 4=2+2; 15 = 3 x 5?	1,2, 5, 20	This digit tally system may have developed 15 = 3 x 5 and 20 = 4 x 5
Papuan	Migabac	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally; 4 = 2+2	1, 2, 3	This digit tally system has 5 and 10 having hand morphenes meaning hand one and hand two respectively. 15 is hands two, foot one while 20 is one whole man.
Papuan	Weliki	Morobe	2', 5, 20 ?	digit tally, 4=2+2	1, 2, 3, 5	Digit tally system with 4 = 2 + 2. Hand finished for 5. 11, 15, 20 have leg morphs.
Papuan	Ono	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally; 4 = 2 + 2	1, 2, 3, 5	This is a digit tallty system with 4 composed of 2. 5 is hand one, and 10 is hand two. 11 to 19 contain a leg morpheme and 20 is two hands and two legs in some data provided.
Papuan	Komutu	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally; 4 = 2+2	1, 2, 3, 5, 20	Digit tally with hand morphs for 5 and 10 and leg morph for 11 and 15. Word for man included in 20.
Papuan	Kumukio	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally, 4 = 2+ 2	1, 2, 3, 5, 20	This digit tallty system has number words for 5 and 10 containing a hand morpheme while 11 to 19 contain foot or leg morpheme and 20 is legs hands together. 40 is two men.
Papuan	Nabak	Morobe	2, 5, 20	digit tally, 4=2+2	1, 2, 3, 5, 20	modified 2 cycle, foot/hand 5 cycle, 20 cycle digit tally
Papuan	Guhu-Samane	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally , 4=2+2	1, 2, 3, 5, 20	2', 5, 20 cycle system for digit tally
Papuan	Guhu-Samane	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally, 4 = 2+2	1, 2, 3, 5, 20	2', 5, 20 cycle system for digit tally
Papuan	Sialum	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally; 4 = 2+2; 6 to 9 = x+ n	1, 2, 3, 5	This digit tally system has x + n form for both 6 to 9 and 11 to 14. 5 is hand, 10 is hand two, 15 is hand 3 but 20 has a foot morpheme
Papuan	Biangai	Morobe	2', 5, 20	digit tally, 4=5-1	1, 2, 4?, 5, 20	2', 5, 20 cycle digit tally system with numbers 6 to 20 containing a hand morpheme and 11 to 20 having a foot morpheme as well. 20 also has the word man whole.
Papuan	Munkip	Morobe	2, 5, 20 ?	digit tally, 5=2+2+1, 6=5+1	1, 2, 5	Uses both 'hand' and 'leg' morphemes explicitly. The system thus is a digit tally one with a (2,5) cyclic pattern and an implied 20- or 'man' cycle.
Papuan	Korafe	Oro	2', 5, 20	3 = 2 + 1, digit tally	1, 2, 3, 5, 20	modified 2 cycle, 5, 20 cycle digit tally system
Papuan	Doriri	Oro	2', 5, 20	3 = 2 + 1, digit tally	1, 2, 4, 5, 20	modified 2 cycle with 5 cycle digit tally system
Papuan	Abau	Sandaun	2, 5, 20		1,2,4?
Papuan	Abau	Sandaun	2, 5, 20		1,2,4?
Papuan	Kayik	Sandaun	2, 5, 20	6 to 9 = 5 + x + n where n=1 to 4	1, 2, 5, 20	The Kayik system is a digit-tally one with a (2,5,20) cyclic pattern.
Papuan	Alu	Sandaun	2, 5, 20 ?	digit tally	1, 2, 5	Digit tally using arm and leg morphemes, with 2 and 5 cycle and implied 20 cycle
Papuan	Mikaru (Daribi)	Simbu	2', 5, 20	6 may be 2+2+2, other patterns for 6 to 9	1, 2, 3	Number words for 1,2,3; 4 has '2+2' construction. 5 is 'thumb' Variations for numbers 6 to 9. 6 may be '2+2+2', 7 a hand plus 2. 10 is 2 thumbs 11 to 19 contain leg morphemes, 40 is 2 men or 2 x 20
Papuan	Chuave	Simbu	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 3, 5	2 and 5 cycle with use of hand and leg morphemes and some simplifying similar to Chimbu
Papuan	Chimbu	Simbu	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1,2,5	2 and 5 cycles, digit tally, some data suggest 5 = '2+2+1' construction and 6 had a '2+2+2'
Papuan	Chimbu	Simbu	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1,2,5	2 and 5 cycles, digit tally, some data suggest 5 = '2+2+1' construction and 6 had a '2+2+2'
Papuan	Nomane	Simbu	2, 5, 20	digit tally , 4 = 2+2	1, 2, 5, 20	A finger-and-toe tally-system with a (2,5,20) cyclic pattern. The first four number words have the structure 1,2,2+1',2+2 (or 2'+2) where the primed numerals are variants.
Papuan	Chimbu	Simbu	2, 5, 20 ?	digit tally to 5	1, 2, 5	2 and 5 cycles, digit tally, some data suggest 5 = '2+2+1' construction and 6 had a '2+2+2'
Papuan	Chimbu	Simbu	2, 5, 20 ?	digit tally to 5	1, 2, 5	2 and 5 cycles, digit tally, some data suggest 5 = '2+2+1' construction and 6 had a '2+2+2'
Papuan	Bainapi	Western	2, 5, 20 ?	digit tally?	1,2,10	2 cycle with 5=2+2+1, but ten has a hand morphene included
Papuan	Idi	Western	2, 5, 20 ?	digit tally, 3=2+1, 4=2+2	1,2, 5	Digit tally system
Papuan	Gogodala	Western	2', 5, 20	digit tally, 4=2+2	1, 2, 3, 5	4=2+2, morphene for hand appears in word for 5, 10 and 20 but word for man is not used with the meaning being hands and feet complete.
Papuan	Nii	Western Highlands	2', 5, 20 ?	digit tally	1, 2, (4), 5	5 digit tally system
Papuan	Maring	Western Highlands	2, 5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 5	The digit tally system has numbers to 5 based on 2 and 1. Hand and foot are used as appropriate in the words for 5, 10, 15, 20. It has cycles (2, 5, 20).
Papuan	Waghi	Western Highlands	2, 5, 20 ?	digit tally, combinations of 2 and 1 to 5; hand+n for some sources	1, 2, 4, (7)	The words link to fingers and toes. 5 was a combination of 2 and 1 or half the hands.
Papuan	Yabiyufa	Eastern Highlands	2, 5, 20 ?,100	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1, 2, 5, 20?, 100	2, 5 cycles with a morpheme plus 1 to 4 for 6 to 9, remaining data is less clear for 20 but indication of 100, with hundreds following
Papuan	Kamano	Eastern Highlands	2, 5, 20 ?; 2' ,5, 20	................. 4=2+2	1, 2, 5, 20?; 1, 2, 3, 5, 20?	Hands and feet are used to keep tally in the basically 2 cycle system
Papuan	Purari	Gulf	2', 5 , 20?, 3?	digit tally, 6=3+3, 7=3+3+1, 8=3+3+2	1, 2, 3, 5	body tally, modified 2 cycle and some 7 = 3+3+1 etc indicating a 3 cycle as part of a digit tally system
Papuan	Sakam	Morobe	2, 5, 22	digit tally (nostrils tallied)	1, 2, 3, 5, (11, 12)	Digit tally system incorporating the tallying of both nostrils so that 22 rather than 20 tally-points are employed.
Papuan	Maiwa	Milne Bay	2, 5 or 2, 5, 20	3=2+1, 4=2+2 or 5-1, 7=5+2	1, 2, 5, 20?	2, 5, 20 cycles
Papuan	Narak	Western Highlands	2, 5 or 2, 5, 20	digit tally, 2, 2+1, 2+2 or 2+1+1,	1, 2, 5	3 and 4 are combinations of 1 and 2. Five and 10 has a hand morphene
Papuan	Kwanga	East Sepik	2', 5 or 5	digit tally	1, 2, 3, 5, (6); 1 to 5	digit tally, two systems
Papuan	Hunjara	Oro	2, 5 or 5	4 = 5 - 1, digit tally	1, 2, 5	5 cycle, 4=5-1, possible modified 2 cycle
Papuan	Fuyuge	Central	2 or 2, 5	7=5+2, 8=5+2+1, 9=5+2+2 with 5 cycle	1, 2 or 1, 2, 5	Both a 2 cycle and 2, 5 cycle systems given. With the 5 cycle, 7=5+2, 8=5+2+1, 9=5+2+2
Papuan	Urii	Morobe	2 or 2', 5?	digit tally	1, 2, 3?	Unusual system with a possible 3 cycle as well as 2 cycle
Papuan	Purari	Gulf	23	body-part tally	1 to 12	body tally, modified 2 cycle and some 7 = 3+3+1 etc indicating a 3 cycle as part of a digit tally system
Papuan	Moresada	Madang	23	body-part tally	1 to 12	23 cycle body-part tally system
Papuan	Kalam	Madang	23	body-part tally	1 to 12	A body-part tally system with a 23- cycle, the symmetrical mid-point of the cycle being tallied at 12 at a point at a base of the throat. The left-hand side of the body and then the symmetrical right-hand counterparts are employed. The fingers using their names are tallied first and then the wrist (6), lower arm (7), elbow (8), upper arm (9), shoulder (10), and collar-bone (11).
Papuan	Murupi	Madang	23	body-part tally	1 to 12	23- cycle body-part tally one (as is common with language groups possessing body-parts systems). Starting with the small finger of the left hand and, continuing with the brachial parts between their joints and the joints themselves, they go over the collar bone to the breast bone as the crossing point and then to the right side thus ending with the small finger of the right hand.
Papuan	Yuri	Sandaun	23	body parts	1 to 12
Papuan	Orokolo	Gulf	27	body part tally	1 to 14	body part tally of 27 parts with modification to accommodate introduced decimal system, abandoning at 10
Papuan	Telefol	Sandaun	27	body parts	1 to 14	Body parts system of 27 parts
Papuan	Tifal	Sandaun	27	body parts	1 to 14	Body parts tally system with 27 parts
Papuan	Oksapmin	Sandaun	27	body parts	1 to 14	Body parts counting system of 27 parts with an additional 2 cycle counting system
Papuan	Hewa	Southern Highlands	27	body-part tally system	1 to 14	27 part body-part tally system
Papuan	Hewa	Southern Highlands				27 part body-part tally system
Papuan	Sanio	East Sepik	27, separate 2 cycle	body-part tally	1 to 14	Body-part tally with 27 cycle points with nose as centre symmetry point. A separate 2 cycle numeral system too.
Papuan	Ipili	Enga	28	body-part tally	1 to 28	27 body-parts are used with some parts between 6 and 14 and 15 to 22 having the names of the body parts (i.e. not the digits of the hands). The nose is the central number. 28 is man or "pondo" in both dialects. A second set of words could be ordinal numbers rather than cardinal numbers in both dialects
Papuan	Alamblak	East Sepik	29	body-part tally	1 to 15	Two systems coexist with a body-part tally system. Men and women have different 29 cycle body-part tally systems using left arm to nose (men) and down right arm
Papuan	Miriam	Western	29? or 25?	body part tally	1 to 16	Body-part tally system and a 2 cycle system. 4 = 2+2, 5 = 2+2+1
Papuan	Abelem	East Sepik	3	4=3+1, 5=3+2	1, 2, 3, 6	3 cycle in some data, others indicate a modified 2 cycle, then digit tally cycles of 5 and 20
Papuan	Bine	Western	3, also 2 and hybrid	5=3+2	1, 2, 3	3 cycle. Older body-part system. Also some 2 cycle and hybrid 2 and 3 cycle data
Papuan	Gende	Madang	31	body-part tally	1 to 16	A body-part system
Papuan	Gende	Madang	31	body-part tally	1 to 16	A body-part system
Papuan	Fasu	Southern Highlands	(35)	35 body-part tally	1 to 18	Symmetric 35 body-part tally system
Papuan	Kewa	Southern Highlands	(35), (68)	body-part tally	1 to 18	48 body-part tally system , 47 body-part system, 4 or 5 cycle system used as well as the body-part tally
Papuan	Foe	Southern Highlands	(37)	37 body-part tally	1 to 19	37 body-part tally system
Papuan	Boiken	East Sepik	4	5=4+1, 6=4+2	1 to 4	4 cycle in island dialects but rest are digit tally systems
Papuan	Vanimo	Sandaun	4	8=4x2	1 to 4	4 cycle system with 8=2x4
Papuan	Kewa	Southern Highlands	4	8=2 x 4, 12 = 3 x 4	1 to 4, 5	48 body-part tally system , 47 body-part system, 4 or 5 cycle system used as well as the body-part tally
Papuan	Wiru	Southern Highlands	4	body part tally and c cycle with 5=4+1, 8=2x4	1 to 23?, 45? ; 1 to 4	Body part tally, probably of 23 parts and a 4 cycle system
Papuan	Hagen	Western Highlands	4, 28	cycle unit + n	1 to 4, 8, 4-cycle units	Cycle of 8 dominates but some use of 10 in some data sources, as used in pig feasts. Remnants of 2 and 4 cycles. Counting from small left finger bending fingers down, then after fingers, use right hand fingers before 2 thumbs. Gawigl (Kaugel) source is more straightforward and based on cycles of 4 and 28.
Papuan	Mendi	Southern Highlands	4, 48	4-cycle units from 9 to 48	1 to 8, cycle units	4 cycle unit system within a 48 cycle systems beginning at 9, modified body-part system with influences of Kewa 4 unit cycles; also counted in pairs and quartets
Papuan	Mendi	Southern Highlands	4, 48	body-part tally	1 to 20	4 cycle unit system within a 48 cycle systems beginning at 9, modified body-part system with influences of Kewa 4 unit cycles; also counted in pairs and quartets
Papuan	Ambasi	Oro	4 ?, 5	digit tally	1 to 5	5 cycle but also a possible 4 cycle system as 5=4+1 and 6=4+2 in one set of data
Papuan	Rawo	Sandaun	4, 5	8=4x2, 9=4x2+1, 10=5x2 (rawo 2)	1 to 4 and 1 to 5 (Rawo 2)	There is a distinct word for 5, i.e. 'mihu' or (in one case) 'nukambi'. Thereafter the 4-cycle structure is displaced by a 5-cyclic pattern so that 6 is `5 + 1', 7 is '5 + 2', and so on. Thus, a 4-cycle structure in which numbers were tallied on the fingers but not on the thumbs of the hands, has been displaced by a 5-cycle system in which fingers and thumbs are used, i.e. the usual digit-tally system.
Papuan	Wutung	Sandaun	4, 5	8=x+3, 9=x+4	1 to 5, 6?	Hand morphene for 4, new word for 5, ten contains 5 morphene
Papuan	Enga	Enga	4, 60	cycle unit +n, with n= 1 to 3	1 to 8 (4-cycle units to 60)	Data from different sources. Initially there were sequences of cycles of 4 with each sequence given a name. It appears to be a modified 60-cycle system. Early data suggests a body-part tallying system with 12 as nose. Analysis is difficult due to its use now mainly in infrequent ceremonies A power of two beginning with cycles of 2, 4, and 8 noted.
Papuan	Enga	Enga	4, 60	finger-count	1 to 10	Data from different sources. Initially there were sequences of cycles of 4 with each sequence given a name. It appears to be a modified 60-cycle system. Early data suggests a body-part tallying system with 12 as nose. Analysis is difficult due to its use now mainly in infrequent ceremonies A power of two beginning with cycles of 2, 4, and 8 noted.
Papuan	Kewa	Southern Highlands	47	body-part tally	1 to 24	48 body-part tally system , 47 body-part system, 4 or 5 cycle system used as well as the body-part tally
Papuan	Doromu	Central	5	4=2+2, 6=5+1	1,2, 3, 5	2, 5 cycle with one dialect recent data showing 10 and also 4 = 5-1 whereas in other dialects 4 = 2+2
Papuan	Kopar	East Sepik	5 ?	?	1 to 5, 10	Insufficient data to confirm 5 cycle
Papuan	Yerakai	East Sepik	5	digit tally	1 to 5
Papuan	Watam	East Sepik	5 ?	digit tally?	1 to 5	Digit tally probably as 10 has a hand morpheme
Papuan	Bungain	East Sepik	5, ?	digit tally, 6 to 9 : 5 + n ; n = 1 to 4	1 to 5	Digit tally
Papuan	Kairi	Gulf	5	digit tally	1 to 5	Digit tally with 5 cycle
Papuan	Degenan	Madang	5 ?	?	1 to 5	numerals for 1 to 5 but insufficient data to decide counting system
Papuan	Male	Madang	5, ?	10 = 5 x 2	1 to 5	5 cycle but not clear of remaining data
Papuan	Male	Madang	5, ?	10 = 5 x 2	1 to 5	5 cycle but not clear of remaining data
Papuan	Breri	Madang	5	digit tally	1 to 5	5 cycle, digit tally system
Papuan	Mugil	Madang	5	digit tally	1 to 5	words for 1 to 4 and 5 contains a thumb morpheme, no data beyond 10 to confirm digit tally system
Papuan	Rempi	Madang	5	digit tally	1 to 5	5 cycle digit tally system
Papuan	Amele	Madang	5 ?	digit tally	1 to 5	Basic data indicates a 5 cycle but not sufficient to confirm digit tally system
Papuan	Kamba	Madang	5	digit tally	1 to 5, 6 ?	5 cycle with thumb morpheme used for 5 but insufficient data to confirm it is a digit tally system
Papuan	Bunabun	Madang	5	digit tally	1 to 6	5 cycle with digit tally system
Papuan	Saki	Madang	5 ?	digital tally	1 to 5,(?)	Insufficient data to confirm 5 cycle and digit tally system
Papuan	Sene	Morobe	5	digit tally	1 to 5	5 cycle, little data to confirm digit tally
Papuan	Ufim	Morobe	5	digit tally, hands only	1 to 5	5 cycle system with numerals for 1 to 5. 10, 15 and 20 are respectively 2x5, 3x5, 4x5
Papuan	Sene	Morobe	5	digit tallyt	1 to 5	5 cycle, little data to confirm digit tally
Papuan	Binandere	Oro	5	4 = 5 - 1, 10 = 5 x 2	1, 2, 3, 5	5 cycle system with 4 = 5 - 1, 10 = 5 x 2
Papuan	Notu	Oro	5	digit tally	1, 2, 3, 5	unclear whether there is a 4 or 5 cycle in addition to a 2 cycle
Papuan	Biaka	Sandaun	5	10=5+5	1 to 5
Papuan	Gizra	Western	5	digit tally, may have body part	1 to 5	probably digit tally but may be body part
Papuan	Kwale	Central	5, 10	6 to 9 are 5 + n where n=1 to 4	1 to 5, 10	5, 10 cycle where no 2 or 20 cycle is present. Expected influence of the neighbouring Austronesian language. 5 cycle is still evident.
Papuan	Magi	Central	5, 10	6 to 9 is 5 + n where n is 1 to 4	1 to 5, 10	System seems to have undergone change under Austronesian influence to 10, 100 cycle. 10 is numeral from Sinagoro. Trading influence causing decimalisation is likely and counting in fours.
Papuan	Baining	East New Britain	5, 10	6 to 9: 5 + n	1 to 5, 10	5 and 10 cycle with 9 to 10 being 5 plus 1 to 4. Different data for Umalot dialect
Papuan	Kapriman	East Sepik	5, 10	?	1 to 5, 10
Papuan	Murik	East Sepik	5, 10	20=10x2, 30=10x3 6 to 9 = morph+1 to 4	1 to 5, 10	decades but 20 has a man morpheme
Papuan	Nagovisi	North Solomons	(5, 10)	6 to 9 = 1 towards 10 , 2 towards 10etc	1 to 5, 10	Noun classifiers and suffixes provide a complex web of words for numbers depending on the classifier used. 6 to 10 are expresses as 1 towards 10, 2 towards 10 etc. Decades are clear. This Papuan system has cycles of 5, 10.
Papuan	Siwai	North Solomons	5, 10	6 to 9= n to 10	1 to 5, 10	Noun classifiers are used so there are different words for 1 to 4 depending on the classifier. Decades follow a similar pattern to numbers to 10 in that 6 to 9 are given as 1 towards 10, 2 towards 10 while 60 is 10 towards 100.
Papuan	Eivo	North Solomons	5, 10	7 to 9 = 5 + n	1 to 5, (6), 10	Probable 5, 10 cycle system with hand morpheme for 5
Papuan	Pele-Ata	West New Britain	5, 10, 100	6 to 9: x + n	1 to 5, 10, 100	5 and 10 and 100 cycles with 6 to 9 being 5 plus 1 to 4, regular decades 10 x n where n is 1 to 9. A word for 100 follows regular 100s such as 100 two and 1000 is hundred ten
Papuan	Nasioi	North Solomons	5, 10, 100, 1000	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, (50), 100, 1000	Noun classifiers and suffixes provide a complex web of words for numbers depending on the classifier used. Decades are clear and words for 100 and 1000 etc. 5, 10, 100, 1000 cycles
Papuan	Nasioi	North Solomons	5, 10, 100, 1000	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, (50), 100, 1000	Noun classifiers and suffixes provide a complex web of words for numbers depending on the classifier used. Decades are clear and words for 100 and 1000 etc. 5, 10, 100, 1000 cycles
Papuan	Nasioi	North Solomons	5, 10, 100, 1000	6 to 9 = 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, (50), 100, 1000	Noun classifiers and suffixes provide a complex web of words for numbers depending on the classifier used. Decades are clear and words for 100 and 1000 etc. 5, 10, 100, 1000 cycles
Papuan	Rotokas	North Solomons	5, 10, 100, 1000	6 to 9 = n + x; 30=3 x 10	1 to 5, 10, 100, 1000	After reaching 10, a base 10 system. Numerals 1 to 5 are add to a word to get 6 to 9. 11 is 10 plus 1 and 15 is ten and five. Decades have both 1 to 5 and 10 morphs. There is a special word for 100 and for 1000.
Papuan	Taulil	East New Britain	5, 10 ?, 20 ?	6 to 9: 5 + n	1 to 5, 10, 20	5 and 10 cycle initially but displacement by the Tolai words for 6 to 9 as numerals rather than as 5 + n where n is 1 to 4 as Tolai gives. Now 10 cycle system
Papuan	Chambri	East Sepik	5, 10, 20	digit tally . 8 = 5+3, 9=4+5	1 to 6, 10, 20	Digit tally system with numerals up to 6 and for 10. However, hand morpheme used for 7 to 9 and leg for 11 to 19. One man is used for 20 and following numbers to 39; 40 is two men
Papuan	Pay	Madang	5, 10, 20	digital tally	1 to 5,10,20	5, 10, 20 cycles form digit tally system
Papuan	Pay	Madang	5, 10, 20	digital tally	1 to 5,10,20	5, 10, 20 cycles form digit tally system
Papuan	Kovai	Morobe	5, 10, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 10, 15, 20	Whilst the system is a digit-tally one (the author's informants tallied the digits on the right hand first, the left hand next, then the right foot and finally the left foot) there appear to be distinct words for both 10 and 15; the word for 20 does not translate as 'man'.
Papuan	Sawos	East Sepik	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5	digit tally with hand one, hand two, for 5 and 10 respectively
Papuan	Iatmul	East Sepik	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5	Digit tally with earlier data indicating hand and foot morphemes but later data indicates that 11 to 19 fit into the pattern of numerals like 1 to 9
Papuan	Iatmul	East Sepik	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5	Digit tally with earlier data indicating hand and foot morphemes but later data indicates that 11 to 19 fit into the pattern of numerals like 1 to 9
Papuan	Biwat	East Sepik	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5	Digit tally with hand and feet morphemes for numbers between 5 and 20
Papuan	Gapun	East Sepik	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5	Digit tally probably
Papuan	Aion	East Sepik	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5
Papuan	Kaunga	East Sepik	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	digit tally, 4=2+2?
Papuan	Mayo	East Sepik	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	hands and toes used to reach 20, man
Papuan	Kwoma	East Sepik	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20
Papuan	Ngala	East Sepik	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20
Papuan	Boiken	East Sepik	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	4 cycle in island dialects but rest are digit tally systems
Papuan	Angoram	East Sepik	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	digit tally but not using hand, leg or man morphemes
Papuan	Maramba	East Sepik	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	Digit tally
Papuan	Buna	East Sepik	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	Digit tally
Papuan	Kambot	East Sepik	5, 20 ?	digit tally?, 10 = 5x2?	1 to 5	Digit tally probably with 10=5x2
Papuan	Bahinemo	East Sepik	5, 20	digit tally, 7 = 5+2 etc	1 to 5, 20	Digit tally without any 2 cycle, hand and leg morphemes
Papuan	Manambu	East Sepik	5, 20	digit tally modified, 6 to 9 = morph+ 1 to 4, teens=2x5+1 to 9	1 to 5, 20	digit tally but no hand or leg morphemes , 6 to 9 = morph+ 1 to 4, teens=2x5+1 to 9
Papuan	Auyana	Eastern Highlands	5, 20	6 to 9 = x + n	1 to 5, 20	5, 20 cycles for digit tally system
Papuan	Bom	Madang	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5	Digit tally with 5, 20 cycles. The 5+n where n is 1 to 4 and hand morpheme used in 5 and 10 with a foot morpheme in 20
Papuan	Bom	Madang	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5	Digit tally with 5, 20 cycles. The 5+n where n is 1 to 4 and hand morpheme used in 5 and 10 with a foot morpheme in 20
Papuan	Songum	Madang	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5, ?	Little data but indication of a 5 cycle system
Papuan	Siroi	Madang	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5	5, 20 cycles digit tally system
Papuan	Saep	Madang	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5	5 cycle but insufficient data for more possible cycles
Papuan	Nahu	Madang	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5	5 cycle but insufficient data for more possible cycles
Papuan	Kolom	Madang	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5	5, 20 cycles for digit tally system with use of hand and man morphemes
Papuan	Yabong	Madang	5, 20, ?	digit tally	1 to 5	5 and possible 20 cycle system
Papuan	Nekgini	Madang	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5	5 and possible 20 cycle system
Papuan	Neko	Madang	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5	5 and possible 20 cycle system
Papuan	Mebu	Madang	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5	5 cycle but insufficient data to say more
Papuan	Bonkiman	Madang	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5	5 cycle system but insufficient data beyond 10 to determine further analysis
Papuan	Panim	Madang	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5, 11 ? 20	5, 12, and 13 contain a thumb morpheme and a 5 cycle with insufficient data to confirm it is a digit tally system
Papuan	Rawa	Madang	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	5, 20 cycles digit tally system
Papuan	Burum	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally	1, 2, 3, 4?, 5, 20	Digit tally system
Papuan	Yau	Morobe	5, 20 ?	digit tally	1 to 5,	Digit tally system with 5 cycle and implied 20 cycle
Papuan	Kube	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5	Digit-tally system with a basic numeral set (1,2,3): 4 contains a 'thumb' morpheme 'kewong' ('kembong') and has the gloss 'thumb without' or 'hand without the thumb'.
Papuan	Komba	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	A typical digit tally system with 5 and 10 having hand morphs, 11 to 19 have foot morphs and 20 is one man
Papuan	Kosorong	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	Digit tally and uses 'hand' and 'leg' morpheme
Papuan	Yaknge	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	Digit tally, uses 'hand' and 'leg' morpheme
Papuan	Tobo	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	Uses 'hand' and 'leg' morpheme
Papuan	Mesem	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	5, 20 cycle system with hand used to suggest digit tally
Papuan	Dedua	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally; 4 = 2+2	1 to 5, 20	5, 20 digit tally system
Papuan	Selepet	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally; 6 to 9 = 5 + n;	1 to 5, 20	This is a standard digit tally system with 5 as hand half; 10 as all of only the hands; 11 to 15 have a foot morphene, with 16 to 19 being 1, 2 etc at the other foot.; 40 is 2 men
Papuan	Timbe	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally; 6 to 9 = x + n	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 20	The pattern is regular for this digit tally system with hand or thumb morph in five; 11 to 19 have a foot-on morph and 20 has a man morph
Papuan	Momare	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally; 6 to 9 = x+n with similar constructions. for other numbers	1 to 5, 20	This is a digit tally system; 6 to 9 = x+n with similar constructions. for other numbers e.g. 11 to 14
Papuan	Momare	Morobe	5, 20	digit tally; 6 to 9 = x+n with similar constructions. for other numbers	1 to 5, 20	This is a digit tally system; 6 to 9 = x+n with similar constructions. for other numbers e.g. 11 to 14
Papuan	Onjob	Oro	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5, 20	5, 20 digit tally system with hand and foot morphemes and clear pattern for 40, 60 as 2x20 and 3x20
Papuan	Gidra	Western	5, 20	digit tally	1 to 5	body part replaced by digit tally systems apparently
Papuan	Gadsup	Eastern Highlands	5, 20 or 2', 5, 20	6 to 9 = 5+n; 3=2+1	1 to 5, 20; 1, 2, 4, 5, 20	Hands and feet are used to keep track of tallying in a basic two-cycle system. Man or 20 brings a 20 cycle.
Papuan	Morawa	Central	5 or 2', 5	6 to 9 is 5 + n where n = 1 to 4	1 to 5 or 1, 2, 4, 5
Papuan	Tonda	Western	6	12=2x6, 18=3x6; counting yams?	1 to 6	6 cycle system with 12=2x6 and 18=3x6, yams also placed in 6s for counting
Papuan	Ndom	West Papua	6, 18, 36	7 to 11 = 6+n where n=1 to 5, 12=6x2	1 to 6, 18, 36	6 cycle system with follow up words for 18 and 36. 72 and 108 are 36x2 and 36x3 respectively.
Papuan	Kanum	West Papua	6, 36	7 to 11=x+n where n=1 to 6, 12=2x6 or x+6	1 to 6, 36	6 cycle system with supercycle of 36. 72 and 108 are 36x2 and 36x3 respectively. 7 to 11=x+n where n=1 to 6, 12=2x6 or x+6, 18=3x6
Papuan	Kewa	Southern Highlands	68	body-part tally,	1 to 34,	48 body-part tally system , 47 body-part system, 4 or 5 cycle system used as well as the body-part tally

Table of Counting system